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        打頂后噴施鉀肥對烤煙化學成分的影響

        發(fā)布時間:2019-08-23 來源: 感悟愛情 點擊:

        http://img1.qikan.com.cn/qkimages/hnkx/hnkx201510/hnkx20151017-1-l.jpg
          摘 要:以中煙100為材料,研究打頂后噴施不同鉀肥對烤煙化學成分的影響。結果表明,噴施硝酸鉀煙葉的鉀含量增加量最大,其鉀氯比提高,常規(guī)化學成分含量更加接近優(yōu)質烤煙的標準,噴施磷酸二氫鉀和草酸鉀也會使烤煙含鉀量有所增加,但增量沒有硝酸鉀顯著;打頂后噴施鉀肥有利于葉綠素的降解,類胡蘿卜素含量增加;噴施磷酸二氫鉀和草酸鉀有利于中性致香物質的生成。從煙葉化學成分分析,打頂后噴施磷酸二氫鉀煙葉品質較好。
          關鍵詞:打頂;鉀肥;烤煙;化學成分
          中圖分類號:S572 文獻標識碼:A 文章編號:1006-060X(2015)10-0051-04
          Effects of Spraying Potassic Fertilizers after Topping on Chemical
          Composition of Flue-cured Tobacco
          JING Yan-qiu1,YUAN Xiu-xiu1,WANG Wei-feng2,SUN Ming-hui3,
          LIU Ying-jie4,Lu Ping5,ZHANG Yue-hua5,XU Min6
         。1. College of Tobacco, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, PRC; 2. The Tobacco Company of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning 530023, PRC; 3. Luohe Tobacco Company of Henan Province, Luohe 462000, China; 4. Zhengzhou Tobacco Company of Henan Province, Zhengzhou 450001, PRC; 5. Henan Tobacco Industry Limited Liability Company, Zhengzhou 450016, PRC; 6. China Tobacco Henan Industrial Corporation, Zhengzhou 450008, PRC)
          Abstract:Take Zhongyan100 as materials to study the effects of spraying different potassic fertilizers after topping on chemical composition of flue-cured tobacco. The results showed that tobacco potassium content increased most after spraying potassium nitrate, the ratio of potassium to chloride increased and routine chemical composition was closer to standard high-quality flue-cured tobacco. Spraying potassium dihydrogen phosphate and potassium oxalate would also make tobacco potassium content increase, but the increment was not as significant as spraying potassium nitrate. Spraying potassic fertilizer after topping was beneficial to chlorophyll degradation and carotenoid content increase. Spraying potassium dihydrogen phosphate and potassium oxalate was beneficial to the formation of neutral aroma substances. The analysis of chemical composition of tobacco leaves showed that the tobacco sprayed with potassium dihydrogen phosphate after topping was of better quality.
          Key words:topping; potassic fertilizer; flue-cured tobacco; chemical composition
          煙草是一種喜鉀作物,同時鉀也是煙草最重要的品質元素[1-2]。卷煙工業(yè)將含鉀量作為評價煙葉品質的重要指標之一,鉀含量髙的煙葉可降低煙氣中的一氧化碳和焦油的釋放量[3]。通過增加煙葉中鉀的含量是提高煙葉品質的一項重要措施。我國煙葉與其他國家相比,劣勢是煙葉中鉀含量較低,平均含量未達到2%,煙葉品質的提高受到嚴重制約[4]。煙葉中鉀含量低給我國優(yōu)質煙葉的生產帶來很大困擾[5]。提高煙葉鉀含量進而提高煙葉品質成為行業(yè)內的研究熱點之一。有研究表明[6]:可以通過打頂措施改變煙葉生長的庫源關系,打頂后生長中心轉移到煙草頂部,促進了生長物質的向上運輸,增加煙葉中鉀素的積累量。因此,為促進煙葉對鉀的吸收,可在煙葉生長后期或打頂后施用含量較高的鉀素,從而使更多鉀素運輸?shù)綗熑~中,增加煙葉鉀的積累,達到煙葉鉀含量的增加。目前市場上鉀肥種類眾多,筆者以不同鉀肥為研究對象,在打頂當天分別對煙株噴施濃度為0.5%的鉀肥硝酸鉀、磷酸二氫鉀、硫酸鉀、草酸鉀和酒石酸鉀,探究打頂當天噴施鉀肥對烤煙煙葉化學成分的影響,以期找到最適合在打頂期間噴施的鉀肥,即最大限度地提高煙葉的含鉀量進而提高煙葉品質。

        相關熱詞搜索:打頂 烤煙 鉀肥 化學成分 噴施

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