【依稀繁華后宰門】后宰門
發(fā)布時(shí)間:2020-03-11 來源: 感悟愛情 點(diǎn)擊:
大明湖南門路南有一池百花洲,百花洲往南有一座百花橋,橋面不寬,橋以百花洲而得名。小橋東側(cè)的東西街明代以前叫百花橋街,街因百花橋而名。這條街北靠大明湖,南臨德王府,西接文廟、貢院,東通縣學(xué)、縣署,始建于唐代的;鄱U林院、濟(jì)南府最大的關(guān)帝廟和獨(dú)具西洋風(fēng)格的基督教堂都在此處。明朝至民國時(shí)期,這里摩肩接踵,一片繁華,是一條商居混雜又頗具文化內(nèi)涵的街巷。
明朝天順元年(1457年),英宗皇帝朱祁鎮(zhèn)封其次子朱見 為德王,封地原在德州,成化二年(1466年)改選濟(jì)南珍珠泉畔的張舍人園子修建德王府。第二年朱見 來濟(jì)南就藩,在此共傳襲了7代,其子孫先后有15人受封為郡王。當(dāng)時(shí)的德王府規(guī)模巨大,“居全城中,占城三分之一”,“宮內(nèi)殿宇鱗次,堂閣櫛比”。后來濟(jì)南人一度稱此處為“德藩故宮”。
德王府的北門正式名稱為廣智門,但依照元明時(shí)的慣例,王府的北門一般也叫做后宰門或者厚載門。德王府建成后不久,有著美麗名字的百花橋街就被改稱為了無生氣的“厚載門街”。后又回歸成了“后宰門”,并約定俗成直到如今。
已故曲藝家、作家陶鈍筆下對(duì)80多年前后宰門街一帶的描寫中提到了“醬園”:街上也有熟肉鋪、醬園,可以順便買點(diǎn)菜來⋯⋯此處的“醬園”則是指當(dāng)時(shí)濟(jì)南最大的醬園――遠(yuǎn)興齋醬園。醬園主人是章丘東北鄉(xiāng)人,姓李,遠(yuǎn)興齋是其在濟(jì)南開辦的八大“興”字商號(hào)之一。據(jù)說生意最火時(shí),店里擺放能盛500多斤醬菜的大缸足有300多口,占據(jù)了店面至南端珍池的多處院落。
清同治年間,在后宰門街上,有家尹氏開的中藥店“慶育藥店”。據(jù)說清同治年間,紅頂商人胡雪巖在杭州創(chuàng)辦了聲名顯赫的“胡慶余堂”中藥店,一時(shí)各地效仿者頗多,有位尹姓商人看好后宰門街是塊風(fēng)水寶地,在此開了家中藥店,店名取慶余堂之諧音,稱“慶育藥店”。雖是借來的名頭,藥卻是貨真價(jià)實(shí),其自產(chǎn)的兒科良藥“至圣保嬰丹”配上藥引子可治愈很多兒科雜癥,一時(shí)聲名鵲起。
在后宰門街東首路南,有一個(gè)舊式門樓基址,這就是當(dāng)年赫赫有名的同元樓飯莊。同元樓飯莊店名取‘同心開創(chuàng)新紀(jì)元’之意,是歷城董家鎮(zhèn)呂家莊呂本禮兄弟四人于辛亥革命那年創(chuàng)辦的。同元樓最火的時(shí)候是上世紀(jì)二三十年代,不僅是后宰門街最大的飯店,在濟(jì)南餐飲業(yè)中也首屈一指。其精制的蒲菜豬肉灌湯包,采用大明湖新鮮蒲菜和刀切肉餡,用上好佐料“喂”好后,又創(chuàng)造性地加進(jìn)高湯肉皮凍,出籠后清香撲鼻,咬一口肥而不膩,相當(dāng)誘人。
離同元樓不遠(yuǎn),便是九華樓飯莊。九華樓店主杜氏曾是濟(jì)南府的富商,特別喜歡九字,在濟(jì)南開設(shè)了九家店鋪均以九字打頭冠名。光緒初年,主人在自家店里招待客人,大師傅做了一道“燒大腸”上桌,不料客人們對(duì)這道酸甜可口、肥而不膩、紅潤鮮亮的菜品大加贊賞,遂即席命名為“九轉(zhuǎn)大腸”,一是形容其制作工藝如道家煉九轉(zhuǎn)丹,二來取樂于主人的九字癖好。后濟(jì)南府各飯店酒樓紛紛效仿,名聲大振。
后宰門街東首,還有濟(jì)南最大的關(guān)帝廟。據(jù)記載,后宰門街關(guān)帝廟創(chuàng)建于宋代,初名“漢前將軍壽亭侯廟”,由宋指揮使張瑾建造。明萬歷二十二年(公元1594年),被賜祠額曰“英烈廟”,清初改名為“關(guān)帝廟”。明朝嘉靖、清代康熙年間均有較大擴(kuò)建,總面積達(dá)8000平方米。后宰門街關(guān)帝廟坐北朝南,東鄰原鐘樓寺街,北鄰萬壽宮街,西到塘子胡同,與府學(xué)文廟在同一平行線上,一東一西,一武一文,非常對(duì)稱。
后宰門街自古以來頗具文化氛圍。上個(gè)世紀(jì)二三十年代,這條街上的書肆很多,其中有一家“后宰門書店”,以經(jīng)營古文獻(xiàn)見長。1922年,著名學(xué)者胡適先生曾兩次來到濟(jì)南。講學(xué)之余,他忙里偷閑,經(jīng)常到濟(jì)南老城的書店里淘書。據(jù)《胡適日記》記載,1922年10月18日中午,他在悅賓樓飯店吃完了午飯,信步來到后宰門書店,只花了六角錢,便購得了石印的李文田《元秘史注》和洪鈞的《元史譯文證補(bǔ)》兩書。
而今,從曲水亭往東,漫步隱身于大都市中古老的后宰門街上,你會(huì)體味到原汁原味的濟(jì)南文化,恬美、平和、靜幽。在這條街上,不時(shí)有蒼老的身影擦肩而過,散淡的閑情印在他們臉上;年輕的情侶旁若無人地依偎在百花橋旁的參天大樹旁,抓緊時(shí)間享受著浪漫的溫情;玩耍的少年從他們身邊溜過,追逐嬉戲的笑聲回蕩在樹影依稀之間。街上不時(shí)傳來的悠揚(yáng)的叫賣聲,自行車的鈴鐺聲,還有夾雜在輕風(fēng)聲聲的鳥鳴,構(gòu)成一幅古風(fēng)古韻的立體圖畫。
這條老街留給我們的可能是回味,可能是遐想,更多的可能是思考⋯⋯
Recollection of Ancient Prosperous Houzaimen Street
To the south of the road at the south gate of Daming Lake, there is a pond named Baihuazhou. South of Baihuazhou, stands Baihua Bridge. A street located on the east side of the bridge used to be called Baihuaqiao Street before the Ming Dynasty. To the north, this street borders on Daming Lake; to the south it is near to Dewangfu; to the west, it connects with the Confucian Temple and ancient examination hall; to the east, it is close to the county administrative institution. Many famous places such as Fuhui Buddhist Temple built in the Tang Dynasty, the biggest Guandi Temple in Jinan, and the Christian Church are all located here. During the Republic of China (1912-1949), Baihuaqiao Street became a busy and cultural place that had both commercial stores and residential houses.
In 1457, Zhu Qizhen, who was Emperor Yingzong of the Ming Dynasty (1368-1644), conferred the dignity of Dewang on his second son Zhu Jianlin in Dezhou. In 1466, the Zhangsheren Garden beside the Zhenzhu Spring in Jinan was selected as the mansion for Dewang. Then the north gate of Dewang Mansion was named as Guangzhi Gate. According to the customs of the Yuan Dynasty and Ming Dynasty, the north gate was also called Houzai Gate. After the Dewang Mansion was established, the name of Baihuaqiao Street was changed to Houzaimen Street.
Walking along Houzaimen Street, you can feel the culture of Jinan―beautiful, peaceful, and calm. The cries of the street-vendors, the bells of the bicycles, and the songs of birds form an ancient solid picture of Jinan.
相關(guān)熱詞搜索:依稀 繁華 后宰門 依稀繁華后宰門 憶昔繁華后宰門 后宰門
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