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        探究礦山地質(zhì)工程災(zāi)害類型與防治措施

        發(fā)布時(shí)間:2018-06-25 來(lái)源: 感悟愛(ài)情 點(diǎn)擊:


          摘要:近年來(lái),雖然我國(guó)社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)進(jìn)入了高速發(fā)展的階段,但資源浪費(fèi)的現(xiàn)象變得日益嚴(yán)重。以礦產(chǎn)業(yè)為例,一方面企業(yè)為了獲得更多的利益,盲目開(kāi)采礦產(chǎn)資源,這種不合理的開(kāi)采方式與利用方式對(duì)自然環(huán)境產(chǎn)成了極大的威脅;另一方面企業(yè)為了滿足自身發(fā)展的需求,在開(kāi)發(fā)礦山后,沒(méi)有進(jìn)行及時(shí)有效的保護(hù),致使其地質(zhì)結(jié)構(gòu)不穩(wěn)定,最終可能加劇嚴(yán)重地質(zhì)災(zāi)害事件的發(fā)生率。本文將根據(jù)地質(zhì)災(zāi)害所處的環(huán)境以及引起礦山地質(zhì)災(zāi)害發(fā)生的導(dǎo)火索入手,探究礦山地質(zhì)工程災(zāi)害類型。并在前期研究基礎(chǔ)上根據(jù)相關(guān)類型地質(zhì)災(zāi)害的主要特征提出自己的見(jiàn)解及相應(yīng)的防治措施,以期為我國(guó)未來(lái)防治礦山地質(zhì)災(zāi)害時(shí)給相關(guān)人員提供一定的依據(jù)參考,并希望上述問(wèn)題可以引起社會(huì)關(guān)注。
          關(guān)鍵詞:礦山地質(zhì)工程;災(zāi)害類型;防治措施
          中圖分類號(hào):X45文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼:A文章編號(hào):2095-672X(2018)03-0236-02
          DOI:10.16647/j.cnki.cn15-1369/X.2018.03.142
          Abstract: In recent years, although the social economy of our country has entered a stage of rapid development, the phenomenon of waste of resources has become increasingly serious. Take the mining industry, on the one hand, enterprises in order to obtain more benefits, blind mining of mineral resources, this ueasonable exploitation and utilization of the natural environment has caused a great threat to the persecution. On the other hand, in order to meet the needs of their own development, enterprises should not promptly protect their geological structure after developing the mines. As a result, the occurrence of more serious geological disasters may be exacerbated over time. This article will start with the environment in which geological disasters occur and lead to the occurrence of geological hazards in mines to explore the type of geological disasters in mines. Based on the previous studies, this paper puts forward my own opinions and relevant prevention and control measures according to the main characteristics of the related types of geological disasters. It provides certain reference to relevant personnel for the prevention and control of mine geological disasters in the future and hopes that the above problems can cause social attention.
          Keywords: Mine geological engineering; Disaster type; Prevention and control measures
          我國(guó)礦產(chǎn)資源豐富,種類繁多,讓許多企業(yè)從中尋找到了致富的道路,但隨著礦產(chǎn)資源的大量開(kāi)采,各種問(wèn)題也逐漸顯露。雖然礦產(chǎn)開(kāi)發(fā)確實(shí)使我國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展水平有所改善,但其付出的代價(jià)卻是巨大的。
          1 礦山地質(zhì)工程災(zāi)害類型
          由于引發(fā)我國(guó)礦山地質(zhì)工程災(zāi)害的原因較多,可以將其分為不同的類型[1]。就礦山地質(zhì)災(zāi)害的性質(zhì)而言,可以將其分為緩慢發(fā)生性與突發(fā)性的災(zāi)害,究其兩者的原因歸根到底還是在時(shí)空差錯(cuò)階段和成因關(guān)系的不同,本文所探究的具體災(zāi)害類型主要包括以下三種。
          1.1 礦山地質(zhì)形變?yōu)暮?br>  由于大量的人為開(kāi)采礦產(chǎn)資源,造成地質(zhì)結(jié)構(gòu)的不穩(wěn)定,繼而改變了礦山周?chē)沫h(huán)境,引起了巖土層表面的變形。這種變形所帶來(lái)的地質(zhì)災(zāi)害主要分地面塌陷、采礦周?chē)临|(zhì)疏松造成滑坡、礦坑較多且較深出現(xiàn)巖爆的現(xiàn)象。眾所周知,礦山塌陷在很大程度上是人們自己造成的,我國(guó)的開(kāi)采技術(shù)缺乏,開(kāi)采礦產(chǎn)資源的規(guī)章制度不完善造成企業(yè)的盲目開(kāi)采,結(jié)果時(shí)間一長(zhǎng),地面便形成塌陷[2]。而在我國(guó)滑坡也是經(jīng)常發(fā)生的,它之所以會(huì)產(chǎn)生主要還是在開(kāi)采過(guò)程中不合理的開(kāi)采比例造成的不平衡,如礦山四邊有的坡度較陡有的較緩等造成地質(zhì)結(jié)構(gòu)的不穩(wěn)定。這種礦山地質(zhì)災(zāi)害屬于突發(fā)性的,一旦發(fā)生其造成的結(jié)果很難想象。因其一般在露天,若礦山滑坡后礦山倒塌,那時(shí)不僅僅是財(cái)力會(huì)受損,甚至?xí)斐纱罅康V工傷亡,它的危害是很大的。而礦坑的形成主要還是礦工開(kāi)采礦產(chǎn)資源手段的不合理及對(duì)礦山災(zāi)害的相關(guān)知識(shí)了解較少。由于在開(kāi)采前企業(yè)沒(méi)有對(duì)開(kāi)采人員進(jìn)行相應(yīng)的專業(yè)技術(shù)培訓(xùn),使其利用較落后的開(kāi)采方式,在后期使我國(guó)礦山地質(zhì)工程災(zāi)害發(fā)生較頻繁,如出現(xiàn)巖爆、冒頂、鼓低等災(zāi)害事件的發(fā)生。而這些災(zāi)害之所以會(huì)出現(xiàn)均與巖土層地殼的變化有關(guān),當(dāng)某些因素讓巖表層迸發(fā)能量,眾多巖石移動(dòng)不僅會(huì)給礦井開(kāi)采帶來(lái)一定的威脅,更甚對(duì)礦工的安全產(chǎn)生隱性影響[3]。

        相關(guān)熱詞搜索:災(zāi)害 探究 礦山 地質(zhì) 防治措施

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