摘 要：為探究堆捂自然變黃工藝對(duì)烤煙品質(zhì)的影響，以紅花大金元中部葉為試驗(yàn)材料，在烤前通過不同堆捂自然變黃處理，與常規(guī)烘烤工藝對(duì)比，研究其對(duì)烘烤過程中煙葉水分、色素等動(dòng)態(tài)變化以及烤后煙葉化學(xué)成分、外觀質(zhì)量的影響。結(jié)果表明，與常規(guī)烘烤工藝相比，T1即煙葉堆捂自然變黃至60%時(shí)開火，對(duì)煙葉含水量動(dòng)態(tài)影響不顯著，但可適當(dāng)增加烤中類胡蘿卜素的降解，提高鉀/氯值，提升煙葉品質(zhì)；而T2即煙葉堆捂自然變黃至90%時(shí)開火，會(huì)減少煙葉及主脈在烘烤前期的失水量，增加烤中類胡蘿卜素以及淀粉等大分子物質(zhì)的降解，減少煙葉厚度及單葉質(zhì)量，影響烤煙品質(zhì)。因此，煙葉堆捂自然變黃至60%時(shí)開火進(jìn)行烘烤具有可行性，可應(yīng)用至實(shí)際生產(chǎn)過程中。
　　關(guān)鍵詞：烤煙；堆捂自然變黃；品質(zhì)；節(jié)能
　　中圖分類號(hào)：S572 文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼：A DOI 編碼：10.3969/j.issn.1006-6500.2018.04.014
　　Study on Application of Natural Yellowing Process of Flue Cured Tobacco
　　SU jia"en1，GAO Yabei2， LI Zaiguang1， WANG Dexun1，HU Yanxia1，F(xiàn)AN Zhiyong1，WANG Xinzhong1，SUN Junwei1
　�。�1.Dali Tobacco Company of Yunnan Province， Dali， Yunnan 671000， China； 2. College of Tobacco Science， Henan Agricultural University， Zhengzhou， Henan 450002， China）
　　Abstract： In order to study the effect of stacking natural yellowing process on the quality of flue-cured tobacco， the middle leaves of Honghuadajinyuan were used as test materials， different stacking natural yellowing treatments were set before baking， the conventional baking process was as control， the dynamic change of tobacco moisture and pigment as well as the chemical composition and appearance quality after tobacco baking. The results showed that： compared with conventional baking process， the treatment that stacking natural yellowing to 60%（T1） had no significant influence on the dynamic of tobacco water content， but had positive influence to increase the carotenoids degradation and potassium / chlorine value， improving the quality of tobacco； while the treatment that stacking natural yellowing to 90% （T2） would decrease the water loss of tobacco leaf and main vein in the early baking period of， increase the degradation of carotenoids， starch and other macromolecules， reduce the thickness and weight of tobacco leaf， causing the quality reduction of flue-cured tobacco. Therefore， it was feasible to fire and bake after stacking natural yellowing to 60%， which could be applied to the actual production process.
　　Key words： flue cured tobacco； stacking natural yellowing； quality； energy saving
　　隨著我國經(jīng)濟(jì)的迅猛發(fā)展，環(huán)保成為當(dāng)前階段面臨的最大問題，節(jié)能減排是目前行業(yè)的主要任務(wù)。在密集烤房投入使用后，烤煙烘烤耗煤量實(shí)現(xiàn)從原來的2.5 kg·kg-1（標(biāo)煤/竿煙）降低到了現(xiàn)在的1.5～2.0 kg·kg-1（標(biāo)煤/竿煙）[1]。近年來，很多研究從烤房設(shè)備改造、改用新能源燃料以及改變烘烤方式等方面入手，來提高烘烤熱能利用率、減少碳排放[2-8]。研究表明，在烤房開火前使用堆捂自然變黃工藝，可有效減少煙葉烘烤耗煤量，即可減少整個(gè)烘烤周期的碳排放量，實(shí)現(xiàn)烘烤節(jié)能減排的目的[9]。但煙葉作為一種特殊的經(jīng)濟(jì)作物，在烘烤時(shí)必須考慮烤后煙葉是否能具有工業(yè)可用性以及烤后煙葉質(zhì)量等問題，而不能單純地以減少能耗、降低污染、省工等作為工藝的可行性評(píng)價(jià)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。目前，對(duì)堆捂自然變黃工藝這一技術(shù)在生產(chǎn)中的可用性研究較少。
　　本試驗(yàn)以不同堆捂自然變黃工藝為處理，與常規(guī)三段式烘烤工藝進(jìn)行對(duì)比，探究2種不同烘烤方式對(duì)煙葉質(zhì)量的影響，旨在為堆捂自然變黃工藝在生產(chǎn)中的應(yīng)用提供科學(xué)依據(jù)。

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