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        【土樓歸來(lái)不看屋】 土樓歸來(lái)不看屋全文

        發(fā)布時(shí)間:2020-03-11 來(lái)源: 幽默笑話 點(diǎn)擊:

          有人迷戀甲天下的桂林山水,有人貪圖風(fēng)景秀麗的杭州西湖,有人喜愛(ài)巧奪天工的蘇州園林建筑,而我,獨(dú)愛(ài)掩飾在群山環(huán)繞中古樸奇特的――土樓。   車(chē),行駛在蜿蜒崎嶇的土路上,離土樓愈近,磁石般的引力愈強(qiáng),心臟仿佛跳動(dòng)在蒼茫的時(shí)光中,雀躍著。
          
          福建省南靖縣,一個(gè)以土樓而聞名的地方,擁有世界上獨(dú)一無(wú)二,集居住和防御功能于一體的山區(qū)民居建筑,其史,上溯百年;其勢(shì),厚重滄桑。2008年7月7日,福建土樓列入《世界文化遺產(chǎn)名錄》。
          當(dāng)歲月的光影再一次重疊在土樓的上空,這個(gè)在夢(mèng)里千回百繞的地方,當(dāng)真與其面對(duì)面,竟是初戀般的感覺(jué)。
          “聚族而居高壁壘,安然世外立春秋!400年前,土樓就在閩南地區(qū)誕生了。對(duì)于一座古老的建筑來(lái)說(shuō),400年,不長(zhǎng)。萬(wàn)里長(zhǎng)城,千年故宮,動(dòng)輒百歲的建筑在中國(guó)是稀松常見(jiàn)的,但是作為一個(gè)民居之地來(lái)說(shuō),400年,真的讓土樓經(jīng)歷了太多的風(fēng)雨。
          穿越高山壑谷,于峰回路轉(zhuǎn)之地,座座土樓拔地而起,星羅棋布。遠(yuǎn)眺棟棟土樓,雖土而砌,但氣勢(shì)磅礴,規(guī)模宏大。日本東京藝術(shù)大學(xué)教授茂木一郎說(shuō):“土樓像地下冒出的巨大蘑菇,又像自天而降的黑色飛碟!
          土樓,于蒼山密樹(shù)間巍然挺拔,這氣勢(shì),絕不亞于埃及金字塔。
          “高四層,樓四圈,上上下下四百間;圓中圓,圈套圈,歷經(jīng)滄桑三百年”,這是對(duì)土樓的真實(shí)寫(xiě)照。土樓的樓房呈斧狀,布局均勻,外圍是居民住房,一般是上下4層為一個(gè)單元,供一戶(hù)居;再往里一圈是廚房,當(dāng)夕陽(yáng)西下,就見(jiàn)家家戶(hù)戶(hù)“磨刀霍霍”,炊煙裊裊。這時(shí),俯瞰土樓,它就像一尊八卦爐,不過(guò),悠然飄出的不是爐香,而是美味的飯香。土樓的中心,是祭祖的祠堂,在絕佳的位置上,供奉祖先,可見(jiàn)土樓居民的傳統(tǒng)和淳樸。
          土樓,像種在翠綠大地上的黑色蘑菇,一朵一朵,生長(zhǎng)茂密。土樓之間,相挨極近,最窄處,差不多有兩人的肩寬,這樣兩座土樓的房檐幾近“相切”,站在兩座鄰樓之間,仰望蒼穹,能看到“蒼穹一弧”。陽(yáng)光在墻上自由地游弋,白云也輕松地留下倩影,撫摸墻面,能感受到陽(yáng)光暖暖的溫度。
          裕昌樓堪稱(chēng)土樓中的經(jīng)典之作,又名“東倒西歪樓”。據(jù)說(shuō),在建裕昌樓時(shí),由于樓主招待不周,所以工匠有意作弄,將樓內(nèi)回廊柱的榫眼鑿大,而榫頭都小,于是土樓建成后不久,樓內(nèi)回廊木柱便開(kāi)始從左向右傾斜,看起來(lái)?yè)u搖欲墜,故名“東倒西歪樓”。但經(jīng)受幾百年風(fēng)雨侵蝕和無(wú)數(shù)次地震的考驗(yàn),至今依然如故,有驚無(wú)險(xiǎn)。這奇妙的歪斜,也啟迪了土樓人齊心創(chuàng)新業(yè)、和和睦睦過(guò)日子。
          
          土樓是個(gè)句號(hào),卻引出無(wú)數(shù)的問(wèn)號(hào)和感嘆號(hào)⋯⋯
          是的,很難想象,在經(jīng)歷了風(fēng)雨侵蝕、戰(zhàn)亂烽火、地震撼動(dòng)等種種浩劫,土樓仍安然立在群山環(huán)繞之中。歲月似無(wú)形的手,拂過(guò)土樓的墻皮,遍身斑駁,悠悠之中,土樓盡添風(fēng)霜。當(dāng)戰(zhàn)亂的烽火熄滅、刀光劍影漸漸遠(yuǎn)去,遙不可及的故事與傳奇,默默地烙印在黃黃的土墻中,土樓才開(kāi)始一種安詳和諧、令人向往的村居生活。
          常在夢(mèng)中走進(jìn)鄉(xiāng)土味十足的田園世界的你,如果不帶考究的目光,只帶著一顆平靜的心來(lái),在某一個(gè)清晨或是傍晚,踏進(jìn)仙境般的土樓群中,漫步在茶園阡陌,所有關(guān)于家園的夢(mèng),便輕輕舒坦在土樓面前。
          是誰(shuí),構(gòu)筑了如此奇特的家園?又是誰(shuí),把生活圓在一座樓里而百順家昌?
          圓圓的土樓,以圓為意,與蒼穹呼應(yīng),本色的黃土墻與大地密接。它像人生最初的搖籃,撫育著生命的成長(zhǎng),裹納著精神的家園。它古典而美麗,讓人如此親近,充滿(mǎn)遐想;那壁上的一幅圖一句話,那重重疊疊的圓環(huán),井井有序的木欄,還有那風(fēng)雨剝蝕過(guò)的門(mén)楣窗葉,都是詩(shī)情的流淌,是音樂(lè)的律動(dòng),是舞蹈的飛揚(yáng)!土樓在多情的歲月里留下了讓人纏綿如夢(mèng)的時(shí)光印痕。
          歲月如圓,起止在何方?樓里春秋樓外羨,回首望,幾滄桑。同樣的雕花木飾,不一樣的雕飾風(fēng)格;同樣的半欄門(mén)腰,不一樣的門(mén)罩飾物;同樣的壁畫(huà)彩繪,不一樣的畫(huà)里風(fēng)情;同樣的打水做飯,不一樣的樓里人生⋯⋯
          土樓人在貌似雷同、實(shí)則個(gè)性昭顯的土樓里和諧相處,傳承了祖輩的印記和民族的傲骨。
          日月晨昏,光輝輪回。巍巍土樓不斷散發(fā)著質(zhì)樸而神秘的光芒,生生不息,歷久彌鮮,她由曾經(jīng)的時(shí)尚華貴變?yōu)榻袢盏目胺Q(chēng)經(jīng)典,也許二三百年只是歷史長(zhǎng)河中的一瞬,但恍如一夢(mèng)的繁華卻永遠(yuǎn)停駐在人們心中。
          土樓,像葉脈紋理一樣,延伸在心里的每一個(gè)角落。
          
          Hakka Houses
          In the mountains areas in the western part of Fujian, there are numbers of Hakka houses (earth buildings), either round or square. The architectural structure, carvings, pillar couplets of these dwelling houses reflect the wisdom and creativity of the Hakkas. When you visit these buildings, unique in the world, you can hardly tear yourself away.
          The Hakkas were people who settled in Fujian from the Central Plains of China. After more than 1,000 years of struggle they formed their original folk customs displayed in their residential buildings, their food, drink, dress, education and religion. These are the main components of Hakkas culture, and of these the most unique is the earth buildings.
          
          The earth buildings were built using a combination of good points of various kinds of Chinese residential buildings as well as the wisdom and creativity of the ancestors of the Hakka settlers in Yongding. They are like brilliant pearls among the architectural beauties in the world. According to the early settlers’ philosophy of heaven and earth, which held that heaven was round and the earth was square, the earth buildings in Yongding include a variety of square and round houses combined together. Thousands of these buildings were built in the Qing Dynasty, with thick walls, ingenious structures and various functions such as protection against high winds, earthquakes and hot and cold weather. They also served as a guard against enemies. All these buildings were furnished for living, storage and cooking and can accommodate a clan of hundreds of family members living a happy life together.
          Within the buildings, there are several pillar couplets, carvings examples of ancient calligraphy, and other cultural treasures, which reflect the Hakka spirit of hard work, thrift, creativity and their emphasis on education and deep patriotism.
          In July 7, 2008, the Hakka houses were listed as the World Culture Heritage by UNESCO.

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