On April 16th，2015， the State Council of China officially released The Action Plan for Water Pollution Prevention and Control （abbreviated as “Ten Articles for Water”）， carrying out the most strict scheme for origin protection and ecological restoration， saving and protecting water resources， and fully ensuring the ecological safety of water. The “Ten Articles for Water” proposes that over 70 percent of the water in the basins of China"s top seven major rivers should be "in good condition" by 2020. The targeted rivers include the Yangtze River and the Yellow River. The “black and smelly” waters in regional cities and higher-level areas will be reduced to 10%. By 2030， over 75 percent of the water in the basins of China"s top seven major rivers should be "in good condition"， the “black and smelly” waters in urban areas will be eliminated， and about 95 percent of the urban centralized drinking water supply will be “in good condition” or better. By the middle of the century， the ecological environment will be improved comprehensively， and a virtuous circle of the ecological system will be realized. It’s a comforting goal， but also a challenging task.
　　Water pollution is an urgent task during the new development period of China. Since the reform and opening up， the phenomenon of water pollution have become increasingly prominent. There were 11，000 incidents of water environment since 1995， with 1.5 incidents happening everyday in average. 1/10 of the surface water of China has lost its function； 1/4 of major lakes are in the state of exceeded nutrition； among the monitoring spots， nearly 60% are in the state of relatively poor and 1/6 are in the state of extremely poor； among the 9 major bays of China， 6 are in the state of poor or extremely poor.
　　The total amount of water resource of China is also decreasing continuously. From 1950 to 1999， the annual statistics of the total amount in average is 2795 billion m3. However， in the recent 15 years， the annual amount in average has decreased 2680 billion m3. The decreasing trend of the water resource per person is even more apparent. From 2000 to 2014， the average amount reached 1990m3/person， meaning China entering the list of countries scarce of water.
　　This kind of situation has severely influenced people"s life and economic development， leaving countless potential hazards for the future generations， which needs urgent actions to treat it scientifically and protect it strictly.
　　To set scientific standards for monitoring the conditions of water resources

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