东方亚洲欧a∨人在线观看|欧美亚洲日韩在线播放|日韩欧美精品一区|久久97AV综合

        ѹӢժ > >

        £g(sh)

        l(f)rg:2020-05-22 Դ: c

        gߣwУߣ

        gfĸČԸ197821ڷmW(xu)Ժvڵṇԓȵn̡ȫI(lng)˿ڡĵ4vԓn̵ժҪҊ410ֵP(gun)(ni)ݣıPasquale PasquinoƲ݋gl(f)Aut Aut167-168197811-12̖ķgrˏıD(zhun)gӢı͡fcеķıȁfɂıڶ䄝һЩeıķı
        ־ϣɂı֮gҲһЩ΢IJ@Щ҂Mܸ(j)ȫՓ
        ıע^ȫı˷ı

        ****************************

        һP(gun)ڡȫáapparatuses of securityvԇDfһϵ˿еĆ}γF(xin)ģ
        ҂MиеČҕ͕l(f)F(xin)ҲбҪ]governmentĆ}֮Ҫȫ˿@һϵІ}F(xin)ԇ_һ톖}

        o͹ŴϣD_R҂l(f)F(xin)ԡoprinceҸ桱ӿF(xin)@Щ漰ǡ?sh)ООʹ?qun)_܉@óĽܺϵ۵Đۺͷmcities of menȵȡһעĿŒ16oڵ18oĩһϵо@cl(f)չʢ@ЩǡҸ桱ҲP(gun)οƌW(xu)political scienceՓP(gun)ڡˇg(sh)art of governmentҿ16oһձԆ}l(f)̽ӑS಻ͬ|(zh)Ć}rᵽ톖}Ć}@NОeֹăxʽ16o˹(f)d߀`톖}@̺½̵I(lng)W(xu)fpastoral doctrine}ͯĹͽ̌W(xu)pedagogy}Ҳ16 oF(xin)l(f)չSһǾҵνlγɞõߡ@Щ}ԣmultiplicityȣintensityҿ16oе
        f16o̎ڃɂ^̵ʮ·ڣһǴ⽨ƵĽY(ji)(gu)Ķ޴I(lng)xxֳxϵć
        һ^̄tSڽ̸ĸͷڽ̸ĸȫͬ\ӣ@һ\Ć}һҪ@αڴthis earthõϵĽy(tng)κ(do)

        @ʹһpص\ӣһLJҵļ(qun)һǷɢdispersionڽ̵Įh\ӣ@ɂĽRc@Щ}؄eJ˳νܽy(tng)ʲô̶ly(tng)ΣʲôĿʲôȵһһxϵĆ}problematicF(xin)ˡ

        һֱm(x)18oĩ@Щ(sh)Ŀ޴}һP(gun)īIУ˴ҪָһЩD(zhun)׃߀Ҫ{(dio)c@cֵ֮ע⣬cҵc҂fʽČHxP(gun)εǰ@ЩīIcһΪı^16o18o@ıvþһӣ⵽򰵵ķͮhcP(gun)ȫP(gun)īIŴ_c@ıRžSġՓ[1]@ıcЩ^ugP(gun)ϵ킀Ƿdz˼

        ҂ҪӛסRžSġՓһͳɞRČ
        ǡǡ෴@ܵͬ;oǴ˵ļS18oĩf19oһ_ʼ@ЩP(gun)ˇg(sh)īIЌKY(ji)ĕrҲܵ˼SՓ19oʢУ؄eڵ‡һؐA. W. Rehberg[2]ЊWH. Leo[3]mˣL. Ranke[4]Kellerman֮MзguՓ
        ҲP(gun)ע@F(xin)ıHֵ÷@Ɓģͷl(f)Ć}(chung)@βںηNr½y(tng)߲ܾSևҵ(qun)
        Ҳ@ӵıS˄SF(xin)ΣpoliticsͲԣstrategyP(gun)ϵ}@}Ҫ1815SҲ{h@ҊP(gun)ϵrelation of forceԼ@ЩP(gun)ϵӋ㣨ѳɞHP(gun)ϵһ헿ԣintelligibilityԻԭt}
        󣬡Փ߀‡I(lng)y(tng)һ}“(lin)ϵRžS߀ԇD_I(lng)½y(tng)һlЩ֮һ

        @RžS³F(xin)19oĠՓеıһc16oxRžSsu19oʼ°l(f)F(xin)֮gһLRžSīI@ЩīIܿ@һN_ʽһϵеĕһfЁ̵ģ(jng)ЁҮ֕Ĺf٣DAmbrogio Politiıһͽ(yng)ԓĕӑՓ[5]
        ߀һλպЩù׌ҮInnocent Gentilletһ繥RžS֮,ՓγɞõߣRžS[6]
        ˂԰l(f)F(xin)_RžSīIҶ1740׫ı[7]߀һЩB(ti)Ȳ̫_īIЩuRžSЩtؼufW1580ġߡ[8]߀P. Parutaġ[9]ҲSƷ߀(yng)ԓﰣG. de La Perrire1567ġ֮R[10]^@҂Մ@*

        ҂(yng)ԓH@qՓcRžSıP(gun)ϵԼпԸXurԵģscandalousܽܵһqՓ҂ҪqՓԇD_ijNЪԵĖ|ֿ]@qՓ@һNˇg(sh)һЩ߷ǷNԇҺ͇ԣreason of state*ĵˇg(sh)^c@N^cQRžSx
        һЩ߄tQ־кϷԵˇg(sh)RžSġՓֻ@Nˇg(sh)һNƵĽƺʽıcaricatureͨ^@һcRžS
        ߀һЩ˞CijNضˇg(sh)ĺϷRžSijЩҲԸ֮ՓCNaudՓS*@ôMachonߵøhԇDC(j)ʥ(jng)]бϵ۱˼֪I(lng)(do)q̫ķʽRžSķʽˣ

        @Щ߶һͬP(gun)עĆ}ǾÓxijNˇg(sh)^@Nˇg(sh)һ]W(xu)A(ch)ڽ̓HHѾԼĿ˺ԭt҂ȰqՓЌRžSĽǷʴ_@}ŵһ߅}P(gun)I@ЩԇDUһNˇg(sh)ă(ni)ֲʹ@NԏČھcy(tng)ε֮gP(gun)ϵ@һ}

        ڽ綨ˇg(sh)r͌ˇg(sh)cijN^(q)_һЩJRžSҵ@NԔfһЩ˅sҲ
        ߀һЩuf@Nˇg(sh)^һNӷµRžSxT

        @N˂D[ÓՓΌW(xu)oՓǼ٣@NΌW(xu)һlԭtf˂QRžS￴ľ(qun)ΨһģsingularityڵdzԽtranscedenceP(gun)ϵͨ^^л@þ(qun)principalityǾ(qun)һھ(qun)BӾ;(qun)ļ~ͨ^ͨ^^ͬ\“(lin)ͨ^ls
        @]зքeoՓΣ@~һ˞ļ~ھľ(qun)֮g]κθ|(zh)ȻĻɵģjudicial“(lin)ϵһՓȻ@N“(lin)ϵڵҲǴģR{Щȡ(qun)ľĔڃ(ni)tЩ]ɣa prioro reasonܾy(tng)εij@ԭtՓ[һimperativeеĽY(ji)Փʹ(qun)ĿľǼӏo(qun)@һcָIJijI(lng)Ŀ^wobjective ensembleǾcеĖ|^лZȡI(lng)ij֮gP(gun)ϵ@һļ~ˇg(sh)RžSٝpˇg(sh)Ŀ@һRžSıķģʽpصģһ棬JΣUΣUԺηʲô|֮߀ΣUćԣʲôΣUʲôΣUģ
        ڶl(f)չٿvP(gun)ϵˇg(sh)@Nˇg(sh)ʹþԴ_܉oľ(qun)(qun)ѾI(lng)ͳ“(lin)Y(ji)һļ~

        Եf@Щ򰵷RžSՓĵLRžSġՓHϳɞһƪP(gun)ھ־(qun)ЩRžSīIһNͬġµĖ|ˇg(sh)@NI(lng)savoir-faire߂䱣־(qun)ˇg(sh)@һNЩ(ni)أ˽@}ˣ҂̎һֲڵģڵAΣ҂Bƪ۠طRžSīIһ݌ڵıﰣGuillaume de La Perrireġ֮RMiror Politique

        @ıcRžSαʧA(y)ʾһϵҪ^cﰣfġ͡ߡʲô˼@Щ~ʲôӵĶxڕĵ46 ߿ָԪסʵF塢LʿټƵ[11]ﰣһՓˇg(sh)Ҳrf(jng)߀С҄(w)household`ͯط޵Ժڽͥfamilyȵȡ

        @Щε~RHϺҪ⺭RžSľٰ@ЩߵĽ(ni)Ψһģնxռ(j)һڵĺͳԽλáȻһ棬҂ѽ(jng)Č`N漰NӵˣͥļL޵ԺԺLͯ?q)WĽ̎O(jin)o
        ʽкÎ׷Ncć֮gP(gun)ϵֻһNģʽ
        һNǃ(ni)ڇһHڇ҃(ni)y(tng)μͥ޵ԺԺLڇ҃(ni)y(tng)޵Ժȵ@҂̰l(f)F(xin)һNʽĶԣԼڇҵă(ni)ԣ@ЩӵĶԺ̓(ni)ԏصװRžSľijԽΨһԅ^(q)e_

        ɷJ@ЩڇҺ(ni)໥ʽȻһNصʽ綨ضmҵʽĆ}ȻڡҮLa Mothe Le Vayer˽oˇg(sh)ʽһƪ17o£ϵo̫ӵĽУNΑB(ti)ÿһNһTضĿƌW(xu)?q)WP(gun)ˇg(sh)(c̎xһ)

        ͵P(gun)
        ǡ?sh)ͥˇg(sh)ڽ(jng)*
        ǽy(tng)·ҵĿƌW(xu)cΌW(xu)P(gun)͵¡(jng)@ȻԼ@Үfúס[12]^@ô@һһڶ͵֮g|(zh)Bm(x)ԅs(gu)ˇg(sh)@P(gun)Iġ

        @ζMP(gun)ھČW(xu)fP(gun)(qun)ķՓھę(qun)(qun)ʽ֮gһl羀΄(w)ǽ@Щ(qun)ʽ֮gČ|(zh)ԔMкϷˇg(sh)΄(w)s׃ͬrϺƒɂBm(x)ԡ

        ϵBm(x)ָчõҪW(xu)ԼԼؔa(chn)ҘI(y)Ȼܳɹҡ@lоЩ̌W(xu)һɫ@ŇW(xu)ڮrҪҮӾf@һcȽo̫ӌһƪՓģȻһ(jng)W(xu)ĕ֌һƪΌW(xu)Փ[13]nj@N{(dio)̣pedagogical formationC@NϵBm(x)һ棬ҲһNµBm(x)ԣһ\D(zhun)õĕrL֪ϼؔa(chn)ļҘI(y)@Ҳζˌ(yng)ԓǘ@һr@lочҵѭͬһԭtf˵Оͼͥ\D(zhun)У_ʼQ顰ΰpolice{(dio)̱CʽϵBm(x)ΰtCʽµBm(x)@NBm(x)Ե~RnjͥQ顰(jng)economy

        ˇg(sh)@ƪīI׃@Ҋ|(zh)Ϻͻش@}ϢϢP(gun)@}ǣΰѽ(jng)ڼͥ(ni)ؔa(chn)_ʽ˂һøHڸӺ˵P(gun)ϵ@һcʹ\ͨ_ʽѸHͥ@No΢Čע뵽ҵĹЁ

        ţ@Ǵ_ˇg(sh)ĺĆ}ѽ(jng)뵽Ό`Сf16o@ӵԒô18oȻRڞ顶ٿȫ׫~lν(jng)W(xu)УҲ@Nʽ}RfԵv(jng)@~ָǡtعȫ\Ҹ[14]R󌑵}Ҫr£mutatis mutandisΰ@(jng)Լ҂挢ҪՄIJBm(x)ԣ뵽ҵĿw\D(zhun)@һҾζʩмҵČϽҲζҵľ񣬌ÿ˺˵ؔa(chn)О錍ʩһNLļ҄(w)ؔa(chn)һӌעıO(jin)ҕͿ

        18oһҪı@һcץ؄eʣξͰѺõ(jng)economic governmentbˇg(sh)Խ(jng)ʽҰս(jng)ģʽʹ(qun)ˇg(sh)@^ͬx(f)^֮f(jng)顰(jng)@~̎һ@ìF(xin)x^УҌԺvٽ@һ^̵ԭ*ҬF(xin)ѽ(jng)Խ(jng)ķʽʹ(qun)ˇg(sh)ı|(zh)ǰ҂(x)TQ顰(jng)the economyǂ|Ҫ(jng)@~16oָһNʽ(jng)^һϵJ錦҂Ěvʷ^Ҫ(f)s^18oD(zhun)ָһF(xin)Č棬һдA(y)I(lng)

        ﰣĕУӑՓĵڶc@һfǞ˱ĿĶŵČ_̎[15]Ҫ@ӸһϵеՓ“(lin)ϵnj_̎Ҫڡ顱things@~ͣһ飬҂һRžS(qun)ĿwЩc҂͕RžSf@(qun)ČijNxҲǙ(qun)Ŀˣǃɂ|һI(lng)һǾ@һcϣRžSֻǞضĿĸČһԭt@ԭto16oһֱ綨(qun)ĸ(qun)ʹ(qun)ȌI(lng)Ȼ󌦾ϵijʹ

        @x҂fRžSľ(qun)c(qun)ՓҺ܌W(xu)xķ(qun)УI(lng)Ҫ@ҊI(lng)ܷ֣Ҳؚ񤣬˿ڿܳܣҲϡܸҲؚFڄҲܑж裬@ЩI(lng)ֻһЩ׃I(lng)tǾ(qun)(qun)ĸA(ch)ﰣıע⵽ĶxQ漰I(lng)£One governs things@ʲô˼ҲJ@cˌDZP(gun)“(lin)IJI(lng)һN˺˜(gu)ɵď(f)w@xϺP(gun)ŒHֻ^@cؔYԴ\ֶI(lng)ضc򡢹ȗl̶ֳȵI(lng)@ЩP(gun)“(lin)
        c(x)(x)TО鷽ʽ˼Sʽ@ЩP(gun)“(lin)ˣ
        cв¹ʺͲ@ЩP(gun)“(lin)ҿ@NʽcµP(gun)“(lin)cµĽѽ(jng)һ[еõF(xin)ɵC
        @ЩӑՓՓĿDzɱҪVT@[@[Ǵ[һҴζʲôζ㲻Ҫ@ЩTؓ؟(z)߀Ҫ؛ؓ؟(z)
        һҴ߀ζҪJ濼]L(fng)ͽʯ
        һҴ@ӵĻ@NҪҪϵĴTҪϵĴ֮gҪҪȫ\ָۿڵ؛@ЩyL(fng)ʯȵȣ֮gһNP(gun)ϵ
        @һҴcμҲˡ҄(w)ͥ䌍|(zh)l(wi)oͥؔa(chn)
        cμP(gun)“(lin)䌍ǽMɼͥÿԼؔa(chn)ҸμζJ濼]пͻȻRrԼпcͥ“(lin)
        @Nһʽ
        ȶͥԵĵخa(chn)}ԊZȡI(lng)(qun)Ć}ֻҪ顣Ҫ@Ncµď(f)w
        ؔa(chn)I(lng)ֻе׃

        ҂ﰣıаl(f)F(xin)@һ}17o18o՘܉ҶġRžS[16]Ќ@һcЎՓfȷ҂Ѷͬm^һ°ɣКWއI(lng)eӝɡɭֺͻĮMסIJȺȫȱڄھ
        mI(lng)MСͬӴ󲿞ӝ҂sl(f)F(xin)@˵˿̘ؔI(y)ӺʹʹɞһҪĚWއֻDŽ_ʼɞ@ӵćҡ

        ҂ٿ]һǰﰣǂǞ˱ĿĶŵČ_̎Q֮ԼĽKOĿģfinality@һcһ،(qun)^(q)e_Ȼҵ˼f܌W(xu)ͷı(qun)һNģpure and simple(qun)
        ]һW(xu)fW(xu)f^һϷ(qun)мę(qun)ʹę(qun)oҕ(qun)Ŀǂþͱ횰ѡͬ˵ĵþȡԼĿһλ17oڵշҵf^(qun)ߵę(qun)ֻǞ׌y(tng)ߣÁ_»򱣳ֹpublic utilityxy(tng)߲ܿ]κΌԼ@ŒҲô@Nƣcommon goodձþȡW(xu)f(qun)ĿġװЩʲô҂е،ҕһ·W(xu)ҺW(xu)x挍(ni)ݣ҂ơָ@һNB(ti)гoһѭɵ΄(w)ίɽo飬ؼȶֻҪ@Nϵۼ֮Ȼc˵ɷQ֮ͬơHζѭljm(qun)ߵķϵ@^(qun)ߵķoՓηN(qun)ĿҲ@Nձ֮nj(qun)ķ@ζ(qun)Ŀѭh(hun)ՓCģ(qun)Ŀľʹ(qun)ƣthe goodnjɵķˌ(qun)fƾ(yng)(qun)@Nѭh(hun)ՓCб|(zh)xՓY(ji)(gu)¸(j)`ЧRžSfķdzӽ䮔RžSfҪĿ˾DZסľ(qun)ĕr҂ǻص(qun)(qun)@Nָѭh(hun)ՓC

        F(xin)ڣﰣ¶xxćLԇ҂܉򿴵F(xin)һN͵ĿՓfinalityx̎_ʽǞˌ(do)򹫹Ƶʽ編W(xu)ҵıԣǞһNÿһдfĿ@ζNضĿˣ횱CMܴؔa(chn)횱Coṩ\ֶΣ횱C˿ڵֳȵһ׵ضĽKOĿijɞ@Ŀˡ_@һЩͬĽKOĿͱ횱̎̎dispose@~Ҫ錦(qun)fʹ_ĿˣѭɣֶǷ
        ɺ(qun)^ɷָf}ʩӷ̎飺༴\ַtacticsǷɡ߰ѷҲַʹáijNʽʹ@ǘӵĿͨ^һЩضֶ܉_

        ҂@һҪD(zhun)cf(qun)Ŀă(ni)(qun)(qun)еֶξ(qun)ķΑB(ti)еԒĽKOĿĄtڌָ(do)^̵ƺ͏У
        Ĺ߲ǷһϵжNʽַĽǶȿҪIJǷɣ@17oһllF(xin)}18or(nng)xıиֱԲM@Щıfͨ^Ŀ˲_

        cȻﰣıP(gun)ﰣfõĽy(tng)߱ҪСҪڊ^[17]fġġʲô˼˽@eˡSķӣfy(tng)η䳲Ҫ̡[18]
        ϵͨ^@ԇDһNصķʽ҂õĽy(tng)߲ǵҪһ̡Ҳһ˵һԌʩ(qun)
        Ҫŭ⣻
        (gu)ɽy(tng)ı|(zh)ǚ˵ę(qun)ʹñę(qun)ô@϶ă(ni)ʲôǺڊ^ѲԂy(tng)x錦񷨺˷x͹ƽ֪Rnj܉_Ҳ(yng)_Ŀ˵֪RԼ_@ЩĿ֪̎R
        @N֪R(gu)(qun)ߵǻڊ^@һԭt@ԭtһy(tng)ֻ(yng)@ӽy(tng)ΣҪ@@ͺڞ鱻y(tng)߷(w)@ﰣe˼LӣLϵһһ˯£P(gun)עһ„(w)JԼҪ@ҷ(w)

        ҂̾ܿ@NRžSl(f)F(xin)Ļw֮RžSľ^eж\Ȼ@Nĸ·f߀ஔֲڵJ16oˇg(sh)ĸՓĶҪكHһĆ}ҲֻՓP(gun)ĵĆ}҂܉ָάF(xin)“(lin)ϵ16o_ʼˇg(sh)ՓI(lng)xϵľterritorial monarchiesC(gu)ȫl(f)չC(gu)apparatusesijF(xin)“(lin)ϵ
        @NՓҲһϵ16o_ʼl(f)չ17o׃Ҫķ֪Rʽ“(lin)ϵ@Щ֪RʽHϸP(gun)ڇң]ҸNͬSȺ͙(qun)Ҫϣ֪RñQ顰y(tng)ӋW(xu)statistics˼P(gun)ڇҵĿƌW(xu)Ć}P(gun)
        P(gun)(c̎xһ)

        ԞҲ@Nˇg(sh)̽xmercantilismxΰƌW(xu)Cameralistsscience of police“(lin)ϵ

        Եf16oں17oˇg(sh)ҵĵһwʽ@wʽLJ@Ե}M@ԲǏ҂xؓHֵxϣǷNHHˇҵƉķƽȺ˵ԭtćԣһNġxģҸ(j)һN(ni)ڇҲ܃HHȻ񷨻Ǻ֔ԭtƌ(do)ԭt
        ҺȻһԼʽmȻһNͬNʽˇg(sh)ڳҎ(gu)tՓģͻһN܌W(xu)-µЌ춨ԼĻA(ch)ژ(gu)ɇҵضF(xin)Ė|ЌԼԵԭtһvҌ@NćʽҪء^҂F(xin)Ҳfֱ18o@NԡʽȻKˇg(sh)l(f)չһϵK

        ԭкܶxϵĚvʷˇg(sh)ϵK17ol(f)һϵо޴ΣCʮ(zhn)Ɖĺ͚
        Ȼo~r(nng)ͳx
        17oĩؔΣCҲʹоζؓ۵ĶΣCˇg(sh)ֻһl(f)չexpansionĕrصԂͰl(f)չܾ޴܊κͽ(jng)oӰ@Nos^βĥ17oN@ĚvʷKˇg(sh)ĔUչ

        ߀J16ogõϵy(tng)Փ17oһϵK@ЩأҲôϲgfԷQƶȽY(ji)(gu)đB(ti)Y(ji)(gu)ֻҪ(qun)߀һĆ}(qun)ʹă(yu)ԣͬrһՓ}һνMԭt߀ǸֻҪ(qun)ƶ߀ǻƶֻҪ(qun)ʹ߀J(qun)һNʹˇg(sh)ͲһNķʽl(f)չxǂxfǵһõJɵŬΌ`P(gun)ڇҵ֪R@Nˇg(sh)
        @x҂HϿfx@Nˇg(sh)ﰣıǏĵ¶ǬF(xin)ĽǶȽ綨@Nˇg(sh)еһԵxnj팍`ę(qun)MʹĵһԻ
        SxijF(xin)҂һοһNԱÁһNַP(gun)ڇҵ֪Rsaivorİl(f)չMŒܴ_ˣJǡǡx(qun)ߵČĿĶܵƺxIJһNֳؔĵ·׌y(tng)߾۔ؔ䌍܊ꠁ؞xõֶǷҎ(gu)y(tng)(qun)Ŀ(qun)ߵČֶ(qun)ֶΣx²ijNˇg(sh)_Ŀ@Nˇg(sh)(qun)ƶȽY(ji)(gu)đB(ti)Y(ji)(gu)˼]ˇg(sh)@NY(ji)(gu)|(zh)ܾϢ@N

        @17oֱ18ox}ܵˇg(sh)ijNxһֱͣM(qun)}(qun)ƶ^󡢽ӲĿf@Nˇg(sh)ԇDͨ^һN͵(qun)Փƌ(do)һNˇg(sh)(do)ԭt{(dio)ˇg(sh)c(qun)Փ@Щ17osՓMʽfxʽķW(xu)ҳF(xin)sՓ\ûA(ch)sy(tng)ߺͳ֮gĻZƌ(do)ˇg(sh)һԭtՓĸwmatrix^MsՓy(tng)ߺͳ֮gP(gun)ϵ˼ڹՓаl(f)]˺Ҫڌ`˹fģ˹Ŀǰl(f)F(xin)һNˇg(sh)(do)ԭtsՓ߀̎ڌһԭtMϵy(tng)A

        һ棬(qun)Ŀ̫̫̫Ӳ
        һՓܵһN̫w̫o̫ģͣͥģͣهIJӰ푣һNڼͥģϵ¸(jng)an economy of enrichmentDz܌I(lng)ռкؔҪֻؑ(yng)

        ôˇg(sh)βܿ˷@ЩϵK@һϵеĿw^̰l(f)]ã18o˿ڔUչc؛ŵԣ“(lin)ϵͨ^һϵКvʷW(xu)ҺϤѭh(hun)^̺r(nng)I(y)a(chn)ĔUBY(ji)@ǿr҂Ըwʴ_fˇg(sh)ͨ^˿چ}ijF(xin)ҵµijڣ
        ߲fһN΢^̰l(f)ˣ҂茦w(ji)Mؘ(gu)ͨ^@^ĿƌW(xu)(jng)}һcͥͬČ֮«@ĵλ߀˿چ}y(tng)y(tng)B

        ͨ^ƌW(xu)İl(f)չ(jng)ĸһNͬ҂Q顰(jng)economicĬF(xin)Ҳͨ^@TƌW(xu)пܽ綨Щ˿еĆ}
        Ƿ^҂Ҳfڌ˿І}JRԼ҂Q齛(jng)ǂF(xin)I(lng)򱻷xĆ}K(qun)ķɿ֮ⱻ˼˼Ӌy(tng)ӋW(xu)xĂy(tng)ֻھ@NǸ(j)(qun)ʽ\ģķ(ni)˾l(f)]õF(xin)ڄtɞͻ(qun)ϵKҪg(sh)Ҫg(sh)֮һ

        ˿چ}ԺηNʽʹÿ˷ˇg(sh)l(f)չϵKɞܣ˿ڵҕض˿ڬF(xin)ɞһNF(xin)ʹKͥģʽʹ(jng)«@ĵλɞy(tng)ӋW(xu)ǰ܃(ni)Ǐ(qun)\еĽǶ\ģF(xin)ڽy(tng)ӋW(xu)t𲽽ʾ˿ԼҎ(gu)ԣregularityԼʺͰl(f)Լϡȱѭh(hun)cycles of scarcityȵ
        y(tng)ӋW(xu)߀˿I(lng)һϵеĿЧܻsͥĬF(xin)вطˮƽڄӺؔ໥ML
        󣬽y(tng)ӋW(xu)߀ͨ^˿ڵwơL(fng)šI(y)ӵ˿һЩضĽ(jng)y(tng)ӋW(xu)ʹ@Щض˿ڬF(xin)ͬrҲ@ʾ@NضԲ߀ԭͥSɾڽ̻⺭Ě}Լͥģʽѽ(jng)ʧˡF(xin)͹F(xin)˿ڵă(ni)Ҫغ˿Ļֶεļͥ

        QԒf˿ڳF(xin)֮ǰԼͥģʽĽ(jng)@Ľ(jng)ͥĹǶȳl(f)]O(sh)ˇg(sh)
        Ȼ˿ڱ^ܻsɼͥĆ}һͥ˿ڵһ(ni)Ҫͬ˿ڱֻеڶλҪԣҲfͥһģֻһMɲǣͥȻһЃ(yu)ȵλĽMɲ֣oՓΕrҪP(gun)˿ڵϢО顢˿ڽy(tng)ӋMȵȣҪͨ^ͥܫ@áͥ˕r׃һֶһģͣ˿ڵֶĿģJ@Nģ͌浽ֶΌD(zhun)׃^Ҫ18o~_ʼͥc˿P(gun)ֶγF(xin)ˣͨ^N\ӣcampaignsĄY(ji)ƏVӷNȵȡ@ӿ˼ͥ@ģʹ˿}ܿ˷ˇg(sh)l(f)չϵK

        ڶ˿ƺԽ|ɞKĿ(qun)ͬĿ˲О鱾˿ڵĸrĸMؔLˮƽȵ
        Á_@ЩĿ˵ֶαijNxҲ˿(ni)ڹе
        õ@˿ڣֱͨ^Ҏ(gu)ģ\gʹ@һЩg(sh)@Щg(sh)oȫ˽Ҳܴ̼ʡ(do)˿ijЩ؅^(q)šI(y)ȵ@˿cf(qun)ߵČ߀fĿ˻ֶ˿ҪwaspirationwͬrҲеČ挦˿֪Ҫʲô팦һһo֪ÿһM˿ڵĂRӴε棨interest߀бJ˿棨ܘ(gu)˿ڵÿ˵ضʲô@˿Ŀ˺͸ֶΣһNˇg(sh)ijN̶һϵн^·fַͼg(sh)Q

        @˿@c16oıбQ(qun)ĵǷN|M@ζһNԵĺRķʽMЧ˿ڳɞ횰P(gun)^Yϣobservations֪Rsavoir]Mһ֪RsavoirĘ(gu)@һN֪RĘ(gu)ܲɷ֣@N֪Rnjc˿ڣVxϣP(gun)^̣҂Q齛(jng)ǂ|֪Rϴvf^ν(jng)W(xu)Ę(gu)˿@NwеĸNؔҪصijF(xin)@Nν(jng)W(xu)¿ƌW(xu)Ǐ@һNJR˿I(lng)֮ؔgBm(x)ӵP(gun)ϵ(gu)ɵ;W(wng)j(lu)JRЮa(chn)
        SĸA(y)(jng)˿I(lng)ĸA(y)γQԒf18ol(f)ˇg(sh)οƌW(xu)(qun)Y(ji)(gu)֧wregimeg(sh)֧wD(zhun)׃̼˿ڵ}Լɴ˶ν(jng)W(xu)Q

        @fˇg(sh)һ׃?yu)οƌW(xu)(qun)Ͳl(f)]
        ǡǡ෴Ҫf(qun)}ā]@rô(qun)}Ѳ1617oǘҪ(qun)Փƌ(do)ˇg(sh)෴bˇg(sh)F(xin)ѽ(jng)ڣڲ(qun)}ҪǣʲôӵķʽƶʽʲôӵķɻA(ch)Աx蘋(gu)ɇ(qun)

        ҂xһ±Răɂı͉ڡٿȫġν(jng)W(xu)~l҂Rˇg(sh)}ķʽָ@^c@ıdzɫ(jng)conomieһ~Hָһ֮ͥؔa(chn)Ĺ[19]@Nģʽٱˣ^ȥгָ(j)
        RfF(xin)҂֪ν(jng)W(xu)ָIJǼͥĽ(jng)]_ᵽr(nng)W(xu)Լy(tng)ӋW(xu)˿ڵһ㆖}R󿴵ú@D(zhun)Œ(gu)ɵģν(jng)W(xu)Ľ(jng)һȫµĺx@ºxܱsfļͥģȥ[20]@ƪУ(dn)ؓoˇg(sh)һ¶x΄(w)ˡsՓDZ@ӵĆ}\Ȼs͹@ӵĸһNP(gun)ձԭtοܵ@Nԭto(qun)ķԭtˇg(sh)܉ͨ^Խ綨Щض˿gһNˇg(sh)ǷNԽ^οƌW(xu)޵ˇg(sh)ijF(xin)](qun)ǡǡ෴(qun)}׃ñκΕr򶼸ӼJ

        oҲ]б
        ֻھ޴wl(f)չĻA(ch)oɵĽMģʽ1718ooɵаl(f)չƶȣW(xu)УS܊꠵ȣoՓǮoɌ˿׃ҪĕroɲǰδеҪx˘Oߵărֵ
        ˿ڵĹcwġҎ(gu)ģĬF(xin)Լ@ЩF(xin)ĿwЧP(gun)߀ζ˿ڵȺͼ(ji)ό˿Mй˿ĸʹ(qun)A(ch)@}׃øӼJһR󣩣ͬҲʹl(f)չoɵıҪ׃øУһoɵȫvʷڄe̎Lԇ[21]

        ҂oüo(qun)Sִ֮o@ӵķʽ}
        Hһ(qun)-o-ҪĿ˿ęCǰȫãthe apparatus of securityoՓΣҪչʾ\֮g̵Ěvʷ“(lin)ϵxʽĆ}(do)Ʒ(qun)(sh)constants\
        ʹ˿һN(sh)(j)datumһA(y)I(lng)һNg(sh)Ŀ˸F(xin)\
        Լʹ(jng)ɞһF(xin)ضν(jng)W(xu)ɞ@F(xin)I(lng)rA(y)ĿƌW(xu)ͼg(sh)^(c̎xһ)

        ˿ν(jng)@\ԏ18o_ʼ(gu)һԌϵУ@ϵֱȻβ

        ֮f¿]֮@Tn_еQԭxġȫI(lng)˿ڡ
        оģҷQ顰g(sh)Ěvʷǂ|g(sh)һ~˼

        1ƶ˼Լʹ@NȻ(f)sę(qun)ʽԌʩӋַMɵĿwĿ˿Ҫ֪Rʽν(jng)W(xu)ļg(sh)ǰȫãapparatus of security

        2ںLһΕrڣһNڅ(qun)ʽ(qun)oɵȣf@NɷQ顰ę(qun)ʽռ(j)ͻĵλpre-eminence@Nڅݣһ挧(do)һϵеęCapparatusesγһt(do)һ֪Rsavoirsİl(f)չ

        3g(sh)@~߀ָ@һ^̣f@^̵ĽY(ji)ͨ^@һ^o˾ңthe state of justice1516D(zhun)׃?yu)ңadministrative stateF(xin)u

        ҂֪ۇҘsuʩչħfascination
        ҂֪˂ǶôP(gun)עҵԴvʷMԼҵę(qun)Ex҆}^ărֵvalue@wF(xin)ڃɷNʽϣһNֱӵеL(fng)ķʽ挦҂ǰѪޫFmonstre froidrL(fng)
        ֮߀еڶN҆}Ӌ^ߵķʽ@NʽһՓ@߀ԭՓģ@NʽѰч߀ԭһϵйܣfunctionsl(f)չa(chn)a(chn)a(chn)P(gun)ϵ@NҽɫҪԵ߀ԭՓ?yn)sJ飬@NɫһдĿ˺һҪռ(j)ă(yu)ݵλǽ^Ҫǽćҿܱښvʷκһr̶ٓ@N@Ny(tng)һ@Nԣ@NĹԣfunctionality̹ʵf@NҪ
        һS^һͬĬF(xin)һNصijҪԱ҂SҪ޵öS҂ĬF(xin)ԡҲnj҂ĬF(xin)ڣpresentfҌĿƣthetatisation of society߀ҵġgovernmentalizationôҪ

        ҂һg(sh)ĕr@Ng(sh)18ol(f)F(xin)@NҵһͬՓF(xin)fŒg(sh)Ć}g(sh)ѳɞΨһΆ}ѳɞζθΨһ挍ĿgԒҵͬrʹҴȫпO(sh)fҾ@ǡǡҪw@Ng(sh)@Ng(sh)ͬr(ni)ںڇ飬ַʹÌʲôڇšܷ(ni)ʲôڇšܷ(ni)ĺ˽ĵȵȆ}Է(f)Խ綨
        ֻg(sh)һַA(ch)҂ҵijm(x)ڣsurvivalc

        ҂S@NʽMܷdzֲ_ؘ(gu)(qun)ľ޴ʽľ޴(jng)economies˾ңa(chn)ڷ⽨I(lng)w(yng)һNɣ(x)Tķ漰һx(w)VA໥
        a(chn)1516o߅I(lng)ԣterritoriality(yng)һƣregulationͼoɵ
        HϲI(lng)ԁ綨˿ڵĶѼܶȁ綨䌍ҲI(lng)˿ھͷֲI(lng)ϣM@@(sh)ֻǎׂMҪ֮һ@NҌ|(zh)c˿ĪP(gun)ϵ@ֶهý(jng)֪Rsavoir@һߵąf(xi)J@NҌ(yng)һNȫÿƵ

        ԺvҌg(sh)һĹϵĻI(lng)ģʽһһN⽻-܊¼g(sh)@Ng(sh)S˹طlsW޷(ni)_cЮa(chn)
        @Ng(sh)֮܉߂ľSȣֻܚwһϵضֶ@ЩֶǺˇg(sh)ͬrγɵf1718o~xf@ЩֶαQ顰ΰpoliceI(lng)µ⽻-܊¼g(sh)ԼΰJ@ʹÇҵ@vʷϵĻF(xin)Ԯa(chn)

        *ڏıg^ӢıՄ@RžSġՓĠՓNīIıF(xin)ʽǶNӵģЩnjRžSֱԲMٝPNaudMachonDDgע

        *@һy(tng)һg顰ɡıā{(dio)@һN҃(ni)ڵġԡ҂gԡDDgע

        *ȫ顶ՓSġvʷǰʮDDgע

        *ԓ~Сc(jng)x@ķҪeconomyӏǰһNxһNx^cg(sh)}P(gun)“(lin)g҂һeconomyg顰(jng)W(xu)ЕrҲgϣxעкxď(f)s׃DDgע

        *x10֡ȫ˿cI(lng)vnժҪDDgע

        [1] Machiavel (N.), Il Prince, Rome, 1532ՓDDgע

        [2] Rehberg (A. W.), Das Buch von Frsten, Hanovre, 1910.

        [3] Leo (H.), Die Briefe des Florentinischen Kanzlers, Berlin, 1826.

        [4] Ranke (L. Von), Historisch-politishce Zeitschrift, Berlin, 1832-1833.

        [5] Politi (L.), Disputationes de Libris a Christiano detestandis, 1542ޕSienaAmbrogio Catarino񸸣

        [6] Gentillet (I.), Discours sur les moyens de bien gouverner et maintenir en bonne paix un royaume ou autre principaut, contre Nicolas Machiavel, 1576.

        [7] Frdric II, Anti-Machiavel, ou Essai de critique surLe Princede Machiavel, La Haye, 1740.

        [8] Elyot (T.), The Boke Named the Governour, Londres, 1531.

        [9] Paruna (P.), Della Perfezione della Vita politica, Venise, 1579.

        [10] De La Perrire (G.)Le Miroir politique, contenant diverses manires de gouverner et policer les rpubliques, Paris, 1555.

        [11] De La Perrire (G.)1567

        [12] De La Mothe Le Vayer (F.), LOeconomieque du Prince, Paris, Gourb, 1653.

        [13] De La Mothe Le Vayer (F.), La Gographie et la Morale du Prince, Paris, Gourb, 1651; LOeconomieque du Prince, Paris, Gourb, 1653; La Politique du Prince, Paris, Gourb, 1653.

        [14]conomieoeconomie(jng)W(xu)(jng)@~Դoikosңnomosɂ~˼tعȫ\ҸRousseauJ.-J., Discours sul lconomie politique1755, in Oeuvres compltes, t.III, Du contrat social. Ecrits politique, Paris, Gallimard, coll.Bibliothque de la Pliade, 1964, p.241Փν(jng)W(xu)\g1gиĄ̄(w)ӡ^1962DDgע

        [15] De La Perrire (G.),, 1567, p.46.

        [16] Frdric II,in Anti-Machiavel,d.,critique par C. Fleischauer, in Studies on Voltaire and the Eighteenth Century, Geneve, E. Droz, 1958, Vol.V, pp.199- 200.

        [17]еՓǵۇ߀ǹ͇(yng)ԓǡĺڊ^1567p.46

        [18]е߀Ҫģԛ]д̵ķԇDһNصķʽ͹͇ᘌij(yng)ԓʹÜغͺ͌ݣLJʹùLJᡱͬע

        [19]@~˼tعȫ\Ҹ241퓣ı1퓨DDgע

        [20]ԵĻA(ch)˲ͬ·ܺμһ(j)@ɣ҂Ō(jng)c˽˽(jng)^(q)e_cͥo֮ͬ̎
        ]Ќ߶mõОҎ(gu)ɡP.241244Փν(jng)W(xu)134퓣gиĄӨDDgע

        [21] Michel Foucault, Surveiller et Punir, Naissance de la prison, Paris, Gallimard, 1975.

        D(zhun)Է˼W(wng)

        P(gun)~ 

        cx

        (qun) ѹӢժ smilezhuce.com