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҇(gu)ϣDɫеȇ(gu)̫ܟˮҪ(yng)ԡˮښWޡĴȇ(gu)̫ܟˮϵy(tng)ҪoԴcҎ(gu)Դϵy(tng)(lin)\(yn)ܹ(yng)ϴԡˮ߀齨ů(gu)̫ܟˮҪӾؼӟᡣ҇(gu)̫ܟˮϵy(tng)Ј(chng)ȫ̘I(y)\(yn)(gu)ҵ̫ܟˮϵy(tng)İl(f)չa(b)̓(yu)ߣδ(sh)F(xin)̘I(y)\(yn)С
ʹ̫ܿ՚ӟһN^麆(jin)εĮa(chn)Ʒ(yng)СҪֲʿ(gu)ͼô(sh)(gu)ҵ̫ܟˮa(chn)ƷͶ^һ֮ϵć(gu)һNa(chn)Ʒ͞(do)a(chn)Ʒ(Ј(chng)~^90) 1.2 ϵy(tng)ѭh(hun)
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ԁˮͨ^ˮM(jn)a(b)oˮٽ(jng)a(b)oˮM(jn)ˮ(ni)ˮӟͨ^ѭh(hun)M(jn)ˮϲˮ²ܶ^ˮԄ(dng)ͨ^ѭh(hun)M(jn)뼯²γѭh(hun)ѭh(hun)Bm(x)M(jn)еһr(jng)^һˮˮȫӟoÑʹϵy(tng)ŚܵãЕr(sh)ˮ(ni)Ĝض^߶a(chn)Śܼr(sh)wųֹȻѭh(hun)M(jn) 1.2.2 (qing)ѭh(hun)ϵy(tng)
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M(jn)90Sg(sh)M(jn)I(y)Ҏ(gu)ģĔU(ku)g(sh)I(y)̫ܟˮγչƽ͐Ng(sh)ϵ(sh)F(xin)ˮa(chn)ƷϵлҎ(gu)a(chn)90ڣסլƷİl(f)չԼͥ(du)ˮĴL(zhng)̫ܟˮİl(f)չṩ˾Ј(chng)g
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Sȫչܼ̫ܟˮa(chn)g(sh)IJԼa(chn)b(sh)F(xin)I(y)ԽԽСI(y)M(jn)̫ܟˮa(chn)I(y)ټϮa(chn)I(y)Ј(chng)Ҏ(gu)ʹҎ(gu)(jng)I(yng)Ĵ̫ܟˮI(y)RСI(y)IJƽ(jng)(zhng)
(gu)H̫Ј(chng)ʼKƽ̫ܟˮЇ(gu)ƽ̫ܟˮĮa(chn)Ј(chng)~sp٣@ʹЇ(gu)̫Ј(chng)c(dng)ǰ̫Ј(chng)γ^ķ
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1(rn).ȫ̫ܟˮa(chn)I(y)cg(sh)l(f)չ?fn)rʾJ.̫20072.
2S.AӓQˮƽȻѭh(hun)̫ꖟˮϵy(tng)оD.ώW(xu)TʿW(xu)λՓ,2006.
3woؑ.̫üg(sh)cl(f)չJ.Դch(hun)20074.
4_\(yn).̫ꖟˮg(sh)v()̫ꖟˮϵy(tng)J.Դ,2004(4).
5x .̫ܟüg(sh)҇(gu)(ji)еđ(yng)cչJ.c{(dio)20011(4).
6_\(yn).̫ꖟˮg(sh)v(һ)̫ꖟˮl(f)չśr֪R(sh)J.Դ,2004(1).
7ď(qing).҇(gu)̫ܟˮa(chn)I(y)l(f)չF(xin)չJ.Դ20024.
8.̫ܟˮИI(y)ęC(j)c(zhn)J.20099.
9ꑾS _.҇(gu)̫ܟM(jn)չJ.̫20021.
10̫(dng)̫ܟˮİl(f)չ?fn)rJ.(ji)200735(8).
11̫ܟˮxáJ.ϺӋ(j)y(c)ԇ200936(2).
12_ ־.҇(gu)̫ꖟˮa(chn)I(y)l(f)չF(xin)J.̫20031.
13½.ǰVصh(yun)Ї(gu)̫ܟˮ(gu)HЈ(chng)_l(f)J.
14_־.̫ܟˮ(ji)ܜpЧ@J.2007(11).
15Li-qun Liu,Zhi-xin Wang.The development and application practice of windCsolar energy hybrid generation systems in ChinaJ.Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 13 (2009) 1504C1512.
History of the development of solar water heaters
Lai Shujun
Institute of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering , China Agricultural University , Beijing 100083
Abstract: Solar energy industry has developed rapidly in many areas have been effectively used, and solar water heater is the fastest growing industries in China. Since 90 years, China's solar water heater after 10 years of market development, has entered the start time, and increasingly obvious conventional energy crisis, it is further accelerated the pace of development of solar water heater market. In addition, China's solar water heater industry gradually matured technology continues to improve, continuously improve product quality, several national standards for water heaters have been promulgated and implemented, market demand and competition to promote the rapid development of solar water heater industry, China has become the world's water heater the largest country in the production and consumption.
Key Words: Solar water heaters collectors The classification of solar water heaters History of developmentDevelopment impact
̫ꖵĚvʷƪЇ(gu)̫ܰl(f)չv
Ї(gu)ٶ[̫늳ذl(f)չE
Ї(gu)ԴW(wng) | 2010-12-13 11:08:00 | ԴՓ |
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1839귨(gu)W(xu)ؐՠ״ΰl(f)F(xin)Ч(yng)1954(gu)ؐ(sh)(yn)Ƴɵһ(g)ξ̫늳1983(gu)ڼݽˮ(dng)r(sh)̫늏Sāδֹͣ^̫ꖵIJ
1969ɹ̫늳ؽM
1958҇(gu)ƳKξ
пԺԺʿпԺ댧(do)wооTռ(gu)f(gu)1957Kξ҇(gu)1958ҲƳKξSпԺ³İ댧(do)wоʽ_ʼаl(f)̫늳ء
аl(f)늳ҪڿgI(lng)1958굽1965g댧(do)wƳPNY(ji)늳ЧͻwM(jn)1020mm늳Чʷ(wn)15%ͬ(gu)Hˮƽ
19681969ף댧(do)wГ(dn)˞顰(sh)`1̖(ho)l(wi)ǡƺa(chn)̫늳ذ΄(w)ооˆTl(f)F(xin)P+/NƬ̫늳ڿg\(yn)Еr(sh)(hu)ݗ늳˥pʹ늳?z)oL(zhng)r(sh)gڿg\(yn)ǣռ(gu)ڃ(ni)6СM_ʼM(jn)l(wi)ù̫늳ݗЧ(yng)о(sh)(yn)^ڼg(sh)졢O(sh)ʹռ(gu)և(yn)ƂĴһֱʹֱ1978M(jn)ֲƤg(sh)ӛעռ(gu)ԺʿֱһЩɫް@һ݅ƌW(xu)Қߑ]I(xin)ƌW(xu)ӡӛ(jng)^̿P(gun)(sh)(yn)Y(ji)oоˆT@ϲռ(gu)ԺʿBNPY(ji)̫늳ؿݗյPNY(ji)늳شʮS댧(do)wˌPN늳ظĞNPͶa(chn)ěQa(chn)5690ƬNPY(ji)̫늳_(d)g(yng)ҪijƷ3350ƬAMˡ(sh)`1̖(ho)l(wi)̫늳ذa(chn)΄(w)1971ꌍ(sh)`1̖(ho)l(f)8ĉڃ(ni)̫늳ع˥15%ԓ(xing)Ŀ1978ȫ(gu)ƌW(xu)(hu)ϫ@شɹ(jing)
1969댧(do)wֹͣ˹̫늳аl(f)S18|t̖(ho)̖(ho)̖(ho)ϵеͬ܉l(wi)a(chn)̫늳
ռ(gu)Ժʿf70ĩ҇(gu)c(gu)Hͬ_չ黯̫늳оԓ늳ؾкܸߵĹl(f)ϵ(sh)1999꣬22cm2늳صD(zhun)QЧ_(d)22
1975ꌎ_Ⱥ̫늳؏S늳칤ˇģa(chn)g늳صš̫늳صđ(yng)_ʼĿg䵽
o(j)80_ʼ҇(gu)̫늳_ʼM(jn)ѿаl(f)ڸشεչ_M(jn)չ
ݏ(qing)Bf1986(gu)Ӌ(j)ίr(nng)Դ19861990߂(g)Ӌ(j)гˡ̫늳ء}ȫ(gu)6W(xu)6(g)о_ʼM(jn)оw늳صȵо
20o(j)80ĩ(gu)(ni)ȺM(jn)˶l̫늳a(chn)ϰ댧(do)wSļôM(jn)1MWߣa(chn)ʹЇ(gu)̫늳صa(chn)ԭĎװKWǧߣһ4.5MW@Na(chn)һֱm(x)2002a(chn)tֻ2MW
90ĩڞ҇(gu)̫늳ط(wn)l(f)չ(jng)^M(jn)պل(chung)£̫늳a(chn)g(sh)ˇõ(wn)l(f)չa(chn)(wn)L(zhng)Mˇ(gu)(ni)Ј(chng)ҪИOijڡݏ(qing)f
1998꣬҇(gu)_ʼP(gun)ע̫ܰl(f)Mһ3MWྦྷ늳ؼ(yng)ϵy(tng)ʾ(xing)Ŀ@(g)ϢF(xin)ڵӢԴ˾ĶL(zhng)Bһǣ(dng)r(sh)̫ܮa(chn)I(y)l(f)չǰв֮Ƽsˌ(du)@һԴ(xing)Ŀsں˳rBȻ(sh)(zhng)ȡ@(g)(xing)Ŀ(f)ɞЇ(gu)̫ܮa(chn)I(y)һ(g)зˡ
2001oaе½10MWpߣ̫늳a(chn)@óɹ20029еµһl10MW̫늳a(chn)ʽͶa(chn)a(chn)ஔ(dng)ڴǰȫ(gu)̫늳خa(chn)Ŀһe҇(gu)c(gu)Ha(chn)I(y)IJs1520051214գoaе̫˾ڼ~sCȯеµęMճҎ(gu)l(f)չġЧ(yng)(dng)Ї(gu)̫ܮa(chn)I(y)ļ(gu)(ni)̫늳صa(chn)аl(f)Ҳ?c)˿܇?/p>
Ӣ˾P(gun)ؓ(f)؟(z)˽B20031219գԓ˾(xing)Ŀʽͨ^(gu)(yn)ȫͶa(chn)a(b)҇(gu)̘I(y)a(chn)ྦྷ̫늳صĿհ
20032005ښWeǵ(gu)Ј(chng)(dng)еºͱӢm(x)U(ku)a(chn)I(y)̫늳a(chn)ʹ҇(gu)̫늳صa(chn)ѸL(zhng)Ŀǰ҇(gu)̫늳خa(chn)ռ翂a(chn)30%
ռ(gu)Ժʿָ҇(gu)̫늳P(gun)ļg(sh)аl(f)ȡһЩͻc(gu)ȿ߀һЩҪF(xin)ڼg(sh)ˮƽa(chn)I(y)Ј(chng)l(f)չȷ档N̫늳صČ(sh)(yn)Чʶȇ(gu)Ҫ҇(gu)ξྦྷČ(sh)(yn)Чʷքe19.8%16.5%(gu)ķքe24.8%19.8%
ңռ(gu)Ժʿʾ҇(gu)̫늳ܶO(sh)䶼Ǐć(gu)M(jn)M(fi)I(y)PYԣ҂(yng)ԓӴO(sh)аl(f)Խͳɱ
Fվb̫·
2005҇(gu)_ྦྷl(f)չĻ
ྦྷ(g)̫늳خa(chn)I(y)ġ}ྦྷԭϵĶȱʹ̫늳صijɱӸ߲(yn)Ƽs̫늳خa(chn)I(y)Ј(chng)İl(f)չ
⣬ྦྷԭϵM(jn)a(chn)g(sh)һֱ(gu)ձ(gu)ȎҪa(chn)ڷNNԭa(chn)̌(du)a(chn)I(y)ַܷ(wn)ɑ]g(sh)Ј(chng)ŔҪU(ku)a(chn)Ĝԣ@ЩI(y)]һЇ(gu)SՓg(sh)D(zhun)
й߿Ƽ˾̎(yn)ޱʾ(gu)(ni)I(y)Ҫ[Ó˵ľ棬?ྚ(ni)?аl(f)ĵ·Ӵg(sh)(chung)ȡ
(yn)Bf҇(gu)ྦྷʼ1964Ǽg(sh)ˮƽҎ(gu)ģСa(chn)Ʒκĸߡa(chn)ɱ2005֮ǰ҇(gu)a(chn)ྦྷ߀꿂a(chn)0.5
ˣ2005I(y)(ni)EᡢIλԺԺʿ(lin)(bo)й롢(gu)(w)ԺһݽhƉŔ(do)YѸٽa(chn)ǧ(j)Ķྦྷa(chn)S(yn)fԺʿϕژI(y)l(f)ˏ(qing)ҷҲ(jin)҂аl(f)·ěQ
ڴ˱£ƼM(sh)ʩ863P(gun)Ӌ(j)ʮһ塱֧Ӌ(j)ͬr(sh)(gu)Ұl(f)ίM(sh)ʩˡϸg(sh)a(chn)I(y)ش(xing)@ྦྷa(chn)h(hun)(ji)شg(sh)y}(sh)ʩc(din)P(gun)ȡһϵйP(gun)ͮa(chn)I(y)ɹ֪R(sh)a(chn)(qun)g(sh)wϵྦྷĮa(chn)I(y)l(f)չA(dng)(qun)
2004꣬ꖆξScЇ(gu)ɫO(sh)Ӌ(j)ԺͬMй߿аl(f)12(du)(ji)Ͷྦྷ߀ԭtԴ˞A(ch)2005(gu)(ni)һ(g)300ྦྷa(chn)(xing)ĿͶa(chn)Ķ_Ї(gu)ྦྷl(f)չĻ
(yn)f҇(gu)חla(chn)I(y)ʾһo˘I(y)(ni)ʿһ棬Ҳ(bio)־ྦྷҎ(gu)a(chn)g(sh)wϵγˇ(gu)ļg(sh)iЈ(chng)Ŕࡣ
⣬ڶྦྷἃg(sh)ϣ҇(gu)ҲȡͻơĿǰձáTӹˇἃmߣܺĴh(hun)пԺϺg(sh)F(tun)(du)菽l(f)ˡM(jn)ἃ2007716֘Ʒ(jng)ձy(c)ȸ_(d)5N6N̫늳صĶྦྷ較ȣҪh(yun)h(yun)99.9%ԡNС(sh)c(din)9Ĕ(sh)4Nϣ늺ĺˮķքeֻСTӹˇ1/31/10
Ŀǰ(gu)(ni)^ֶྦྷa(chn)Ț蹤ˇ@NߺܹˇȻȟoȫy̎h(hun)Ⱦ(yn)2008й߿ƳГ(dn)ˇ(gu)ҡ863c(din)ƼP(gun)(xing)Ŀྦྷ踱a(chn)P(gun)Ig(sh)оԓ˾ͨ^аl(f)ɹ˵͜ؼӉ仯g(sh)о(yn)BfĿǰԓ(xing)Ŀѽ(jng)1000t/a2000t/aྦྷ(xing)Ŀ\(yn)Ȼ轛(jng)^״ѭh(hun)Ɍ(sh)F(xin)ȫ
ӢŹI(y)F(xin)ڲõ¹a(chn)ྦྷ蹤ˇ٣a(chn)ɱͬИI(y)24%a(chn)ͬ30%a(chn)ƷoȾҿȫ
ռ(gu)ԺʿQ(du)Ŀǰռ(j)Ј(chng)90%ľw̫늳vD(zhun)QЧʵߺƬıͻǽͳɱҪ;
(j)ِSP(gun)O(jin)ҦBԓ˾ĹƬ160m_(d)I(lng)ȵĮa(chn)I(y)ˮƽ
2007҇(gu)ɞa(chn)̫늳ć(gu)
(yn)ľȱʹ̫ܶ늳a(chn)O(sh)̎ͣa(chn)B(ti)ϝqľr(ji)һQʳ̫늳a(chn)̵(rn)Ҿpٌ(du)هɞ̫늳I(y)òRxǾ象Ĥ̫늳S˂@yõİl(f)չC(j)
ռ(gu)fĤ늳زùƬڲr(ji)rϳeĤ댧(do)wԴȽͲĺͳɱ(gu)ґ(yng)ԓҕĤ̫늳صо
Ĥ늳ҊǷǾ̫늳c̫ͨ늳Ǿ̫늳سɱܺĵ͡oȾȃHǰߵĶٷ֮һmc≦Y(ji)Ϙ(gu)ɉw̫ܰl(f)ϵy(tng)߀ԑ(yng)ڱyʽO(sh)
҇(gu)ķǶྦྷ̫늳оҲһl۵ĵ·1975_W(xu)_ʼM(jn)зǾ象Ĥ̫늳صоo(j)80҇(gu)(gu)_˾M(jn)һl1߷Ǿ̫늳a(chn)I(y)^ɹ2003҇(gu)Ǿ̫늳߀ֻ@һla(chn)
Ȼ߀DzЏSҳǾ̫늳I(lng)M(jn)l(f)ȡһijɹ2008걱W\(yn)(hu)gW\(yn)̫ܟˮϵy(tng)õɱF(tun)аl(f)ķǾ̫늳ؼg(sh)@N̫ܟˮԞ16800\(yn)(dng)TṩϴԡˮW\(yn)(hu)ԝMs1868ˮÿɹ(ji)1000fǧߕr(sh)
F(tun)R꿱ʾ߾ȫ֪R(sh)a(chn)(qun)ķǾ̫ܱĤ늳Ҫ䓻ԭ`ȸ܉?q)F(xin)ȫV¹Ҳճl(f)
Ǿ̫늳ث@^İl(f)չ(sh)(j)@ʾ2007ȫĤ̫늳خa(chn)2006181MW2007400MW҇(gu)2007ИI(y)ټs120%A(y)Ӌ(j)δ3(ni)ٸ_(d)100%
829(gu)(w)ԺЇ(gu)ԴW(xu)(hu)L(zhng)ʯh(hun)ڵČþGɫؔ(ci)Ї(gu)ՓϱʾM҇(gu)2007_ʼɞa(chn)̫늳ć(gu)c(gu)߀вٵIJڸN̫늳ص_l(f)҂߀̎A(gu)ѽ(jng)˺ܴİl(f)չ҇(gu)̫늳صİl(f)չضh(yun)
@Ե˼Ǵ˕r(sh)ҪġĿǰȫڽ(jng)vһ(chng)ǰδеԴ̫ҫ۵P(gun)F~^ԽЇ(gu)̫늳خa(chn)I(y)ϵĭ~(sh)(jin)IJ̤ǰ硶ɽĽY(ji)βԣȫǻ۶@ɂ(g)~Уȴϣ
ӛ
1999ӢԴ˾нԭ(gu)Ӌ(j)ί(f)(xing)ġྦྷ̫늳ؼ(yng)ϵy(tng)ʾ̡(xing)Ŀ20031219ʽͨ^(gu)(yn)ȫͶa(chn)a(b)҇(gu)̘I(y)a(chn)ྦྷ̫늳صĿհ
20029£oaе¹˾һl10̫늳a(chn)ʽͶa(chn)a(chn)ஔ(dng)ڴǰ4ȫ(gu)̫늳خa(chn)Ŀһe҇(gu)c(gu)Ha(chn)I(y)IJs15
2004119Ї(gu)һ_(ti)12(du)ྦྷЧ(ji)ܴ߀ԭtй߿ԇ(yn)ɹ(xing)g(sh)ָ(bio)_(d)(gu)HM(jn)ˮƽЇ(gu)(gu)ձ(gu)ȇ(gu)Ŕ20Ķྦྷa(chn)ļg(sh)
2005(gu)(ni)һ(g)300ྦྷa(chn)(xing)Ŀй轨Ͷa(chn)_Ї(gu)ྦྷl(f)չĻ
20051214oaе(gu)~sCȯɞЇ(gu)(ni)ڼ~еI(yng)߿ƼI(y)
2007е¹˾a(chn)܌^500a(chn)^300N볬^100|ԪИI(y)ڶ
2007331й߿ƳГ(dn)ć(gu)863P(gun)n}24(du)(ji)Ͷྦྷ߀ԭtbãͨ^ƼMČ(yn)
2007716пԺϺg(sh)F(tun)(du)аl(f)ἃa(chn)99.9999%ϼȵ̫늳عa(chn)Ʒ늺ĺˮķքeֻСTӹˇ1/31/10
20088ِSLDKʽȫ(:smilezhuce.com ѹ Ӣ ժ:̫ꖵĚvʷ)˾̫ܶྦྷƬ(sh)Ha(chn)_(d)1000ɞȫΨһһ(g)M(jn)̫ܹИI(y)G߾㘷I(y)
2009330еع˾ڤǼg(sh)(yng)ڤ늳a(chn)a(chn)ξͶྦྷ늳D(zhun)Qʷքes19%17%
xδ̫늳
пԺԺʿҾʾˆξྦྷǾ̫늳̫늳һЩ¸½Y(ji)(gu)늳أȾ늳ЙC(j)Ĥ늳ء{Y(ji)(gu)늳ص@Щ늳δ10ꌢ(j)䷀(wn)ԡЧʺͳɱrȺM(jn)Ј(chng)
҇(gu)ƌW(xu)ҲһֱM(jn)̫늳صаl(f)ȡһɹ2004пԺxwоڴeȾ{ױĤ̫늳طȡһͻr(ji)H̫늳سɱ1/10ҹˇ(jin)Ρܸ(wn)ϵһ(g)ڰl(f)늵500WȾ̫늳ʾϵy(tng)
ռ(gu)ԺʿBfЧͳɱЙC(j)/oC(j)(f)ϼ{װ댧(do)w̫늳Ŀǰ(gu)Hǰаl(f)c(din)֮һײP䓎rԷǾ象Ĥ̫늳,p_ɏװbԼ(yng)I(lng)?q)ȶă?yu)c(din)
(j)Ϥ20095·ͶY˾c(gu)(lin)̫ܹ˾˺ͬͬͶYO(sh)a(chn)25ԷǾ象Ĥ̫늳(xing)Ŀ
c(din)x