英美文學(xué)欣賞篇一：英美文學(xué)欣賞

Geoffrey Chaucer 杰弗里喬叟（1343—1400）:①時(shí)代 Medieval(中世紀(jì)的） Literature ;

②代表作The Canterbury Tales坎特伯雷故事集30位香客，120個(gè)故事，完成20個(gè)（22個(gè)）加4個(gè)殘篇

③對(duì)英國文學(xué)的貢獻(xiàn)：the father of English literature, Chaucer is credited by some scholars as being the first author to demonstrate the artistic legitimacy of the vernacular English language英語方言作為文學(xué)語言在藝術(shù)上的合法性, rather than French or Latin

His ideas:1.In The Canterbury Tales, Chaucer draws a true-to-life picture of English feudal society of his day.

2.Taking the stand of the rising bourgeoisie, he affirms man’s right to pursue happiness and oppose the dogma of asceticism preached by the church反對(duì)教會(huì)宣揚(yáng)的禁欲主義教條

3.As one of the forerunners of humanism , he praises man’s energy, intellect, quick wit and love of life.

4.His tales expose and satirize諷刺 the social evils of his day. They criticize the degeneration墮落 of the noble, the heartlessness無情 of the judge, and the corruption腐敗 of the church.Chaucer’s language is vivid and exact.

5..Chaucer’s language is vivid and exact. His poetry is full of vigor有氣勢(shì) and swiftness明快. His style is flexible靈活多變. His prose is easy and informal. He uses mild satire when he deals with people’s foibles小缺點(diǎn) and weaknesses. He uses the rhyming couplet押韻兩行詩, which he introduced from France, in writing his major poems. He is the first great writer to use the dialect of London倫敦方言 in writing

.Chaucer’s language:Close to modern English, which is descended from Chaucer’s English. Chaucer raised the language to a higher literary level by writing it with polish and ease輕松優(yōu)雅. Chaucer was a master of the heroic couplet英雄雙韻體. His contribution to English versification詩律 established the heroic line---five stressed iambic五步抑揚(yáng)---which has become the surpassing vehicle of English poetry.

Questions:

1. Find out the images that contribute to the coming of spring and discuss the symbolic meanings of pilgrimage in April.

①Images like April, showers陣雨, flowers, Zephyrus西風(fēng), tender shoots嫩芽, Ram, chirping鳴叫的 birds all suggest the coming of spring, closely related to birth and new life. April is a season for rebirth or new life.

②All this has a clear reference to the purpose of pilgrims who are paying their homage to a holy place. The pilgrims do their journey to holy places, which implies an act of purifying soul and consequently getting a rebirth. So, the time setting in the poem has a symbolic meaning.

③To Chaucer, to praise noble deeds and expose evil deeds are the two effective means of purifying human soul. So, the stories in The Canterbury Tales mainly aim at praise and condemnation

④According to Christianity, man’s first fall in the Garden of Eden伊甸園 caused death to man, which means that man’s body is exposed to sickness. In another way, original sin (breaking the

covenant契約 with God) caused man to deteriorate墮落 into a patient, waiting for God’s curing. This motif母題 can be found in many Western literary works.

Question 1

Heroic Couplet（英雄雙韻體）

It refers to lines of iambic pentameter which rhyme in pairs: aa, bb, cc, and so on.

The adjective “heroic” was applied in the later seventeenth century because of the frequent use of such couplets in heroic poems and dramas.

This verse form was introduced into English poetry by Geoffrey Chaucer.

From the age of John Dryden through that of Samuel Johnson, the heroic couplet was the predominant English measure for all the poetic kinds; some poets, including Alexander Pope, used it almost to the exclusion of other meters

Question 2

The Knight has the qualities that knights are expected to have, namely, courage, honor, courtesy, loyalty, devotion to the weak and helpless, to the service of women.He has taken part in many famous battles and won one victory after another.He sits at table in the chair of honor above all nations. He fights for his faith. Although he is so distinguished and wise, he looks like a maid, modest, meek, not gaily dressed, never saying a vulgar word.

Question 3

Chaucer uses the rhyming couplet, which he introduced from France, in writing his major poems. He is the first great writer to use the dialect of London in writing.

Chaucer is credited by some scholars as being被一些學(xué)者認(rèn)為是 the first author to demonstrate the artistic legitimacy of the vernacular English language英語方言作為文學(xué)語言在藝術(shù)上的合法性, rather than French or Latin

Chaucer’s language is close to modern English. Modern English is descended from Chaucer’s English. Chaucer raised the language to a higher literary level by writing it with polish and ease. Chaucer’s language is vivid and exact. His poetry is full of vigor and swiftness. His style is flexible. His prose is easy and informal. He uses mild satire when he deals with people’s foibles and weaknesses.

Summary

The narrator opens the General Prologue with a description of the return of spring.The first lines situate the story in a particular time and place, but the speaker does this in cosmic and cyclical terms, celebrating the vitality and richness of spring. This approach gives the opening lines a dreamy, timeless, unfocused quality, and it is therefore surprising when the narrator reveals that he’s going to describe a pilgrimage that he himself took rather than telling a love story.On the other hand, the narrator’s declaration that he will tell us about the “condition,” “degree,” and “array” (dress) of each of the pilgrims suggests that his portraits will be based on objective facts as well as his own opinions.

He spends considerable time characterizing the group members according to their social positions.展現(xiàn)了一幅富有生活氣息與時(shí)代特征的精美畫卷，各階層的生活習(xí)俗和情趣躍然紙上。表現(xiàn)了較強(qiáng)的人文主義思想。

Notice the symbolic contrast between the London inn and Canterbury.

The narrator says that the rooms and stables馬棚 of the inn were spacious寬敞的, made the pilgrims comfortable.

London is an earthly city, somewhat the pot of flesh, where people could enjoy pleasure

English Renaissance Literature

William Shakespeare(1564-1616

四大喜�。骸稛o事生非》Much Ado about Nothing、《皆大歡喜》As you Like《第十二夜》Twelfth Night《威尼斯商人》The Merchant of Venice

傳奇劇：《冬天的故事》The Winter’s Tale、《暴風(fēng)雨》Tempest

悲喜�。骸读_密歐與朱麗葉》

Shakespeare’s Tragedies：Hamlet /Othello /King Lear/Macbeth

Why is Shakespeare considered to be one of the founders of realism in English literature?

Shakespeare is a realist. He is one of the founders in English literature. His plays are mirrors of his age, reflecting the major contradictions of his time. He describes the decaying of the feudal society and rising of the bourgeois spirit./His comedies reflect life of the young men and women who have just freed themselves from the fetters of feudalism and who are striving for individual emancipation. His comedies put emphasis on the emancipation of women, which plays a very important role in anti-feudalism/In his great tragedies, he depicts the life and death struggle between the humanists, who represent the newly emerging forces, and the corrupted king and his feudal followers, who represent the dark power of that period./In his plays, Shakespeare also clearly reflects the contradictions between the rich and the poor/He shows his sympathy for the poor people and discloses the greed and cruelty of the upper class. In his plays, Shakespeare also reveals the emergence of the early colonization and racial problems arising with capitalism. His works fully reflect the omnipotent power of money in the age of growing capitalism. He is far-sighted regarding money, capital accumulation and its effect.

Why is Hamlet regarded as the representative of humanism?

Humanism stresses that man has the right to pursue happiness, and has power to change and perfect human world and himself. Hamlet is a young man with a strong sense of responsibility. He sees that his country, under the leadership of his uncle, is full of evils. He is determined to get rid of the evils and to change the social life of the kingdom./In one of his famous speeches, he expresses his admiration on man: “?What a piece of work is man! How noble in reason! How infinite in faculty! In form and moving how express and admirable! In action, how like an angel! In apprehension, how like a god! The beauty of the world. The paragon of animals.” His ideas are similar to the ideas of humanists of Shakespeare’s Age. So Hamlet is created by Shakespeare to be the representative of humanism of his day.

Oedipal feelings戀母情結(jié)亂倫incest和弒父parricide

What is the new meaning added to the old story of murder and revenge?

Shakespeare took an old story of murder and revenge from medieval Danish history and used it to reflect the feudal-bourgeois English society of his time and his own attitude toward that society. /He condemned the hypocrisy 虛偽and treachery背板 and general corruption at the royal court. And in the central character of the play Hamlet, the poet created a man of the renaissance with humanist ideals who not only sought revenge for his murdered father but aimed to reform the whole society with its many evils.

What is Hamlet’s attitude towards death?

Hamlet has once thought of suicide as a means of escape. In this soliloquy 獨(dú)白he compares death to sleep. If the many kinds of sufferings that naturally come to a human being disappear in the “sleep”, then death is what is wished for./But there may be dreams in the sleep. That is to say,

the worldly sufferings may still occur in the dreams. That is the point at which doubt arises.

Since he cannot bear the unpleasant things in this world, he thinks of death./The drift要旨；大意 of the speech shows his belief in a future life. He cannot visualize what the future life would be like. No traveler returns from boundary of the undiscovered country./It would be better to bear those ills than to fly to others that are not known of. As a result, the gloomy prince is in a dilemma of “to be or not to be”

Question 1

The many kinds of sufferings disappear in the sleep. Sleep seems to be what we wish for. By a sleep we seem to end all kinds of pains (heartache, and thousand natural shocks that the flesh is heir to). Death is also wished for because death is just like sleep. By death we seem to end all the trouble too. Considering we may wake from sleep and face unpleasant things again and Death is eternal sleep, death seems to be more desirable. To be is better than not to be.

Question 2

There may be dreams in the sleep. That is to say, the worldly sufferings may still occur in the dreams. That is the point at which doubt arises.

People would rather bear all the suffering of the world instead of choosing death to get rid of them because they do not know what the next life would be like. No traveler returns from boundary of the undiscovered country. The unknown sufferings may be more unbearable and more terrible.

question 3

Serious thinking makes people lose their determination. From psychoanalytic 心理分析的point of view, Hamlet ‘s hesitation originates from his Oedipal feelings (complex)./Faced with the evil force, Hamlet can neither act in cahoots合伙 with it nor overturn推翻 and destroy it. He is isolated and helpless. Even if opportunities come, he cannot take them because of his indecisiveness. Here the shortcomings of the newly-arising bourgeoisie are shown. They think too much but take no action.

Francis Bacon(1561-1626)

主要作品The Advancement of Learning《學(xué)術(shù)的進(jìn)展》The New Atlantis《新大西島》（未完成） The New Instrument of Learning 《新工具》Essays《隨筆》（很成功，受歡迎）

英國唯物主義materialism的始祖precursor（馬克思和恩格斯語 /英國第一位隨筆作家(essayist)Main features :(1) an important landmark in the development of English prose.

(2)brevity , compactness and powerfulness

(3) the essays are well-arranged and eiched by Biblical allusions圣經(jīng)典故, metaphors隱喻 and cadence抑揚(yáng)頓挫.

Parallelism平行結(jié)構(gòu)（parallel structure ）Simile/Metaphor/Ellipsis省略/Climax層進(jìn)法 What style do Francis Bacon’s essays have?

Bacon’s essays have a literary style peculiar to their own. They are noted for their clearness, brevity and force of expression. /Bacon’s chief concern is to express his thought with clearness and in as few words as possible. /His sentences are short, pointed, incisive, and often of balanced structure. Many of them have become wise old sayings./Generally speaking, Bacon’s literary style has three prominent qualities: directness, terseness, and forcefulness.

What does the essay deal with?

This essay analyzes what studies chiefly serve for, the different ways adopted by different people to pursue studies, and how studies exert influence over human

character./Forceful and persuasive, compact andprecise, Of Studies reveals to us Bacon's mature attitude towards learning

What are the different ways mentioned in the essay to approach a book?

Some books are to be tasted, others to swallowed, and some few to chewed and digested; that is, some books are to read only in parts; others to be read, but notcuriously; andsome few to be read wholly,and with diligence and attention.

Some books also may be read by deputy and extracts made of them by others, but that would be only in the less important arguments and meaner sort of books; else distilled books are like common distilled waters, flashy things.

Cavalier and Metaphysical Poetry英國其實(shí)派與玄學(xué)詩歌

Ben Jonson(1572-1637)In 1616 Ben Jonson published the first collected edition of his works. The collection included a number of Jonson's plays (he was a contemporary of Shakespeare's, and relatively well-known playwright at the time) as well as a short collection of poems(來自:smilezhuce.com 蒲公英文 摘:英美文學(xué)欣賞) called The Forest森林集. There are fifteen poems in The Forest. "Song to Celia" is one of them. Ben Jonson was quite the classicist古典學(xué)派; he knew his Greek and Latin pretty well,作品：Sonnet to the Noble Lady, the Lady Mary Wroth”To Penshurst。

Jonson as a Poet：Jonson had the mental capacity and memory of a greater scholar, but he also had the prolific genius of a poet. He was the author of a number of lovely lyrics.

But unlike most of the Elizabethans, he was無法忍受impatient of sentimentality and romantic extravagances對(duì)多愁善感和濫用情感。He aimed at a better art, the careful planning of the whole poem, the fitting together of every link, the definite coming to a stop when a poem had said what it had to say./He strove for sharper, more clear-cut images, less flow and more precision.

Jonson was first and last a conscious artist in poetry.Around Jonson in his ripe years gathered the poets who loved to call themselves “Sons of Ben”.

Questions for discussion

1) The speaker says the soul is thirsty and eager for a "drink divine." The drink come from the lady’s cup with a kiss from her. Here he isn't talking about a literally "divine" beverage, but rather a show of love from Celia, or something similar. "Divine drink" is a metaphor of true love from Celia which will never die. Even heavenly Mountain Dew cannot be compared with the drink

2) 2) Love is a drink, something out of this world, divine, better than Jove’s nectar. Love is a plant, which grows, smells, but will never die. Love is a piece of art, passed on from generation to generation. In the poem the lovers express their love between eyes. The cup with a kiss has become a divine drink. The poet would not give his wine in exchange for Jove’s nectar sup. In the eyes of the poet, the drink brewed with love is the most delicious in the world. Nothing can be compared with the wine

3) The purpose of sending his lover a rosy wreath is not only to express his love, but to hope that the rose will never fade with the lover’s love. The lover breathes to the rosy wreath and sends back to the poet. Then a miracle appears: It grows, and smells, but not naturally. It is because of Celia’s magic power. /The "rosy wreath," and the vocabulary that accompanies it, takes up a big part of the second half of the poem. The wreath is similar to a bouquet of flowers that you might give to your crush, but in the poem the speaker uses it in order to determine if Celia possesses the angelic or divine power to keep things living./ The speaker hopes the wreath won't "wither," which is what flowers and plants usually do when you pluck them./The speaker implies that the wreath is

英美文學(xué)欣賞篇二：英美文學(xué)欣賞考試整理版

翻譯

Shall I compare thee to a Summer?s day? Thou art more lovely and more temperate. Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May, And Summer?s lease hath all too short a date. Sometime too hot the eye of heaven shines, And often is his gold complexion dimm?d; And every fair from fair sometime declines,

By chance, or nature?s changing course, untrimm?d; But thy eternal Summer shall not fade, Nor lose possession of that fair thou ow?st Nor shall Death brag thou wander?st in his shade, When in eternal line to time thou grow?st. So long as men can breath or eyes can see, So long lives this, and this gives life to thee.

我能否將你比作夏天？你比夏天更美麗溫婉�？耧L(fēng)將五月的蓓蕾凋殘， 夏日的勾留何其短暫。休戀那麗日當(dāng)空，

轉(zhuǎn)眼會(huì)云霧迷蒙。休嘆那百花飄零， 催折于無常的天命。唯有你永恒的夏日常新，你的美貌亦毫發(fā)無損。 死神也無緣將你幽禁，你在我永恒的詩中長存。只要世間尚有人吟誦我的詩篇，這詩就將不朽，永葆你的芳顏。

To be, or not to be: that is the question: Whether 'tis nobler in the mind to suffer The slings and arrows of outrageous fortune, Or to take arms against a sea of troubles, And by opposing end them? To die: to sleep; No more; and by a sleep to say we end The heart-ache and the thousand natural shocks That flesh is heir to, 'tis a consummation。Devoutly to be wish'd. To die,

to sleep; To sleep: perchance to dream: ay, there's the rubFor in that sleep of death what dreams may come When we have shuffled off this mortal coil, Must give us pause: there's the respect That makes calamity of so long life; For who would bear the whips and scorns of time, The oppressor's wrong, the proud man's contumely, The pangs of despised love, the law's delay, The insolence of office and the spurns That patient merit of the unworthy takes, When he himself might his quietus make With a bare bodkin? who would fardels bear, To grunt and sweat under a weary life, But that the dread of something after death, The undiscover'd country from whose bourn No traveler returns, puzzles the will And makes us rather bear those ills we have

Than fly to others that we know not of? Thus conscience does make cowards of us all; And thus the native hue of resolution Is sicklied o'er with the pale cast of thought, And enterprises of great pith and moment With this regard their currents turn awry, And lose the name of action 生存還是毀滅？這是個(gè)問題。究竟哪樣更高貴，去忍受那狂暴的命運(yùn)無情的摧殘,還是挺身去反抗那無邊的煩惱，把它掃一個(gè)干

凈。去死，去睡就結(jié)束了，如果睡眠能結(jié)束我們心靈的創(chuàng)傷和肉體所承受的千百種痛苦，那真是生存求之不得的天大的好事。去死，去睡，去睡，也許會(huì)做夢(mèng)！唉，這就麻煩了，即使擺脫了這塵世可在這死的睡眠里又會(huì)做些什么夢(mèng)呢？真得想一想，就這點(diǎn)顧慮使人受著終身的折磨,誰甘心忍受那鞭打和嘲弄，受人壓迫，受盡侮蔑和輕視，忍受那失戀的痛苦，法庭的拖延，衙門的橫征暴斂，默默無聞的勞碌卻只換來多少凌辱。但他自己只要用把尖刀就能解脫了。誰也不甘心，呻吟、流汗拖著這殘生，可是對(duì)死后又感覺到恐懼，又從來沒有任何人從死亡的國土里回來，因此動(dòng)搖了，寧愿忍受著目前的苦難而不愿投奔向另一種苦難。顧慮就使我們都變成了懦夫，使得那果斷的本色蒙上了一層思慮的慘白的容顏，本來可以做出偉大的事業(yè)，由于思慮就化為烏有了，喪失了行動(dòng)的能力。 To see a world in a grain of sand, And a heaven in a wild flower, Hold infinity in the palm of your hand, And eternity in an hour

一花一世界 一沙一天國， 君掌盛無邊， 剎那含永劫。 Tiger! Tiger! Burning bright

老虎！老虎！黑夜的森林中 In the forest of the night, 燃燒著的煌煌的火光 What immortal hand or eye是怎樣的神手或天眼

Could frame thy fearful symmetry? 造出了你這樣的威武堂

堂？In what distant deeps or skies

你炯炯的兩眼中的火 Burnt the fire of thy eyes? 燃燒在多遠(yuǎn)的天空或深淵？ On what wings dare he aspires? 他乘著怎樣的翅膀搏擊？ What the hand dare seize the fire? 用怎樣的手奪來火焰？ And what shoulder, & what art, 又是怎樣的膂力，怎樣的技巧，Could twist the sinews of thy heart? 把你的心臟的筋肉捏成？And when thy heart began to beat, 當(dāng)你的心臟開始搏動(dòng)時(shí)，What dread hand? and what dread feet? 使用怎樣猛的手腕和腳脛？What the hammer? what the chain? 是怎樣的槌？怎樣的鏈子？In what furnace was thy brain? 在怎樣的熔爐中煉成你的腦筋？What the anvil? what dread grasp是怎樣的鐵砧？怎樣的鐵臂 Dare its deadly terrors

MY Luve's like a red, red rose 啊，我愛人象紅紅的玫瑰， That's newly sprung in June: 它在六月里初開； O my Luve's like the melodie啊，我愛人象一支樂曲， That's sweetly play'd in tune! 美妙地演奏起來。

As fair thou art, my bonnie lass,你是那么美，漂亮的姑娘， So deep in love am I: 我愛你那么深切；

And I will love thee still, my dear,我要愛你下去，親愛的， Till a' the seas gang dry:一直到四海枯竭。

Till a' the seas gang dry, my dear,一直到四海枯竭，親愛的，

And the rocks melt with the sun; 到太陽把巖石燒裂； I will luve thee still my dear,我要愛你下去，親愛的， When the sands of life shall run. 只要是生命不絕。

And fare thee weel, my only Luve,再見吧－－我唯一的愛人， And fare thee weel a while!我和你小別片刻；

And I will come again , my Luve,我要回來的，親愛的， Tho' it were ten thousand mile.即使是萬里相隔。

Should auld acquaintance be forgot And never brought to mind? Should auld acquaintance be forgot, And auld lang syne!

往昔的時(shí)光，老朋友哪能遺忘，哪能不放在心上？ 老朋友哪能遺忘，還有往昔的時(shí)光？ For auld lang syne, my dear, For auld lang syne,

We'll take a cup o' kindness yet For auld lang syne

為了往昔的時(shí)光，老朋友，為了往昔的時(shí)光， 再干一杯友情的酒，為了往昔的時(shí)光， And surely ye'll be your pint stowp! And surely I'll be mine!

And we'll take a cup o' kindness yet, For auld lang syne

We twa hae run about the braes, An pou'd the gowans fine

But we've wander'd mony a weary fitt, Sin' auld lang syne

你來痛飲一大杯，我也買酒來相陪。 干一杯友情的酒又何妨？為了往昔的時(shí)光。 我們?cè)�邀游山崗，到處將野花拜訪。

但以后走上疲憊的旅程，逝去了往昔的時(shí)光！ We twa hae paidl'd in the burn, Frae morning sun till dine;

But seas between us braid hae roar'd, Sin auld lang syne

我們?cè)�赤腳瞠過河流，水聲笑語里將時(shí)間忘。 如今大海的怒濤把我們隔開，逝去了往昔的時(shí)光！ For auld lang syne, my dear, For auld lang syne,

We'll take a cup o' kindness yet For auld lang syne

And there's a hand, my trusty fiere! And gie's a hand o' thine!

And we'll take a right gude-willie waught, For auld lang syne For auld lang syne, my dear, For auld lang syne,

We'll take a cup o' kindness yet For auld lang syne

忠實(shí)的老友，伸出你的手，讓我們握手聚一堂， 再來痛飲—杯歡樂酒，為了往昔的時(shí)光

She walks in beauty ,like the night她漫步在美的光彩中，像夜色般Of cloudless clime and starry skies, 皎潔無云，繁星漫天， And all that's best of dark and brigh明與暗的最美妙的色澤t Meet in her aspect and her eyes;在她的儀容和秋波中交織 Thus mellowed to that tender light融合成如此柔和的光澤 Which heaven to gaudy day denies. 讓天堂和人間的一切美景都黯然失色。

One shade the more, one ray the less,增減一分暗影或光亮 Had half impaired the nameless grace都會(huì)損害這難言的優(yōu)雅美麗

Which waves in every raven tress烏黑的長發(fā)猶如輕輕的波浪 Or softly lightens o?er her face,或者散布淡淡的光輝在那臉龐 where thoughts serenely sweet express清幽，恬靜的思緒 How prue,how dear their dwelling-place. 傾訴著他們的寓所是多么的純潔而珍貴。 And on that cheek and o'er that brow那額際，那眉梢 So soft ,so calm, yet eloquent,如此輕柔溫和，脈脈含情 The Smiles that win, the tints that glow 那迷人的微笑，那容顏的光彩，

But tell of days in goodness spent,都在表達(dá)一個(gè)善良的生命 A mind at peace with all below,

她的思想如此與世無爭(zhēng)，安于世間的一切

A heart whose love is innocent.她心中的愛如此天真無邪

I watched and felt each from the beginning: my great thought in My love for Linton is like the foliage in the woods: time will change it, I'm well aware, as winter changes the trees. My love for Heathcliff resembles the eternal rocks beneath: a source of little visible delight, but necessary. Nelly, I AM Heathcliff! He's always, always in my mind: not as a pleasure, any more than I am always a pleasure to myself, but as my own being.”

在這個(gè)世界上，我的最大的悲痛就是希刺克厲夫的悲痛，而且我從一開始就注意并且感受到了，在我的生活中，他是我思想的中心。如果別的一切都?xì)�滅�?而他還留下來，我就能繼續(xù)活下去，如果別的一切都留下來，而他給消滅了，這個(gè)世界對(duì)于我將成為一個(gè)極陌生的地方。我就不像是它的一部分。我對(duì)林敦的愛像是

樹林中的葉子：我完全曉得，在冬天改變樹木的時(shí)候，時(shí)光便會(huì)改變?nèi)~子。我對(duì)希刺克厲夫的愛恰似下面的恒久不變的巖石，雖然看起來它給你的愉快并不多，可是這點(diǎn)愉快卻是必需的。耐莉，我就是希刺克厲夫！他永遠(yuǎn)永遠(yuǎn)地在我心里.

'You teach me now how cruel you've been - cruel and false. WHY did you despise me? WHY did you betray your own heart, Cathy? I have not one word of comfort. You deserve this. You have killed yourself. Yes, you may kiss me, and cry; and wring out my kisses MY

life closed twice before its close; 我已經(jīng)失去了兩位親

人，

It yet remains to see可是，我依然不知道 If Immortality unveil 上天是否還安排了 A third event to me, 第三次？

So huge, so hopeless to conceive, 如此痛苦，如此絕望， As these that twice befell. 那兩次生離死別。

Parting is all we know of heaven, 逝者，因此看到天堂， So much the worse for me that I am strong. Do I want to live? What kind of living will it be when you - oh, God! would YOU like to live with your soul in the grave?'

“你現(xiàn)在才使我明白你曾經(jīng)多么殘酷——?dú)埧嵊痔搨�。你過去為什么瞧不起我呢？你為什么欺騙你自己的心呢，凱蒂？我沒有一句安慰的話。這是你應(yīng)得的。你害死了你自己。是的，你可以親吻我，哭，又逼出我的吻和眼淚：我的吻和眼淚要摧殘你——要詛咒你。你愛過我——那么你有什么權(quán)利離開我呢？有什么權(quán)利——回答我——對(duì)林惇存那種可憐的幻想？因?yàn)楸瘧K、恥辱和死亡，以及上帝或撒旦所能給的一切打擊和痛苦都不能把我們分開，而你，卻出于你自己的心意，這樣做了。我沒有弄碎你的心——是你弄碎了的；而在弄碎它的時(shí)候，你把我的心也弄碎了。因?yàn)槲沂菑?qiáng)壯的，對(duì)于我就格外苦。我還要活嗎？那將是什么樣的生活，當(dāng)你——

啊，上帝！你愿意帶著你的靈魂留在墳?zāi)估飭�？�?/p>

Catherine Earnshaw, may you not rest as long as I am living! You said I killed you--haunt me, then! The murdered do haunt their murderers. I believe--I know that ghosts have wandered on earth. Be with me always--take any form--drive me mad! only do not leave me in this abyss, where I cannot find you! Oh God! it is unutterable! I cannot live without my life! I cannot live without my soul! -------------Wuthering Heights 凱瑟琳·恩蕭，只要在我還活著的時(shí)候；愿你也不得安息！你說我害了你——那么，纏著我吧！被害的人是纏著他的兇手的。我相信——我知道鬼魂是在人世間漫游的。那就永遠(yuǎn)跟著我——采取任何形式——把我逼瘋吧！只要?jiǎng)e把我撇在這個(gè)深淵里，這兒我找不到你！啊，上帝！真是沒法說呀！沒有我的生命，我不能活下去！沒有我的靈魂，我不能活下去啊！

·evil being at the core of human life, evil exists in the human heart,人心是萬惡之源;

·sin will get punished, one way or another,?惡有惡報(bào)?

·the wrong-doing of one generation lives into the successive ones? ?一代人的錯(cuò)誤會(huì)延續(xù)到后代去?

And all we need of hell. 生者，因此品嘗地獄。

Are you Nobody too? Then there?s a pair of us!

Don?t tell, they?d banish us, you know! How dreary to be Somebody! How public—like a Frog— To tell your name the livelong June To an admiring Bog!

我誰也不是，／你是誰？／你也誰都不是嗎？／我們倆人成了一對(duì)，／別說話，／他們會(huì)趕走我們的／你知道。

多沒勁啊非得爭(zhēng)個(gè)名人地位，

／拋頭露面像一只青蛙／在這漫長的六月里／沖著崇拜它的泥塘／鼓噪。（狄金森詩，金心譯） I NEVER lost as much but twice, And that was in the sod; Twice have I stood a beggar Before the door of God! Angels, twice descending, Reimbursed my store. Burglar, banker, father, I am poor once more!

Because I could not stop for Death－He kindly stopped for me－ The carriage held but just ourselves－ And Immortality.

We slowly drove－h(huán)e knew no haste, And I had put away

My labour, and my leisure too, For his civility－

We passed the school where children played, Their lessons scarcely done;

We passed the fields of gazing grain－ We passed the setting sun－

我們一起坐上馬車， 還有永生陪伴身旁，

我們驅(qū)車緩緩前行， 他悠然自得不慌不忙。 我們經(jīng)過校園， 娛樂的孩子擠滿操場(chǎng)，

我們經(jīng)過田野，麥穗張望， 我們經(jīng)過西沉的太陽。

Or rather－ He passes Us－ The Dews drew quivering and chill－ For only Gossamer, my Gown－ My Tippet－ only Tulle－

We paused before a House that seemed A Swelling of the Ground; The Roof was scarcely visible, The Cornice but a mound. Since then- ?tis Centuries; but each Feels shorter than the Day I first surmised the Horses? Heads Were toward Eternity－

I died for beauty, but was scarce Adjusted in the tomb,

When one who died for truth was lain In an adjoining room.

He questioned softly why I failed? "For beauty," I replied.

"And I for truth, -the two are one; We brethren are," he said. And so, as kinsmen met a night, We talked between the rooms, Until the moss had reached our lips, And covered up our names.

我是為美而死——被人安置在這個(gè)墳冢, 有人是為真理而亡的, 也被葬在旁邊的穴中. 他曾輕聲問道“你為何而死”？ “為美，”我回答

“我，為真理——兩者都一樣;我們是兄弟，” 他說話.

就這樣，像兩個(gè)男人，相會(huì)在這個(gè)夜晚, 隔著墓穴交談,

直到青苔爬到我們唇邊,

將我們石碑上的名字遮掩（金心譯）Wild Nights－Wild Nights暴雨的夜，狂風(fēng)的夜！ Were I with thee當(dāng)我和你在一起 Wild Nights should be這暴風(fēng)雨夜就是我們 Our luxury! 最大的奢侈！ Futile－the winds－狂風(fēng)無用—— To a heart in port－一顆心已經(jīng)入港—— Done with the compass－不需要海圖—— Done with the chart! 不需要羅盤的方向！ Rowing in Eden－蕩舟在伊甸園—— Ah, the sea! 啊，大海！

Might I but moor Tonight－今夜，我是否能停泊在 In Thee!

你的胸懷！

If you were coming in the fall, 如果你能在秋季來到， I brush the summer by我會(huì)用撣子把夏季撣掉， With half a smile and half a spurn, 一半輕蔑，一半含笑 As houswives do, a fly. 象管家婦把蒼蠅趕跑。 If I could see you in a year, 如果一年后能夠見你， I?d wind the months in balls, 我將把月份纏繞成團(tuán)—— And put them each in separate dawers, 分別存放在不同的抽屜， Untill their time befalls. 免得，混淆了日期—— If only centuries delayed, 如果只耽擱幾個(gè)世紀(jì)， I?d count them on my hand, 我會(huì)用我的手算計(jì)—— Subtracting till my fingers dropped把手指逐一屈起，直到 Into Van Diemen?s land. 全部倒伏在亡人國里

If certain, when this life was out, 如果確知，聚會(huì)在生命—— That yours and mine should be, 你的和我的生命，結(jié)束時(shí)—— I?d toss it yonder like a rind, 我愿意把生命拋棄—— And taste eternity. 如同拋棄一片果皮—— But now, uncertain of the length, 但是現(xiàn)在難以確知 Of this that is between, 相隔還有多長時(shí)日——

It goals me, like the goblin bee, 這狀況刺痛我有如妖蜂— That will not state its sting. 秘而不宣，是那毒刺

It is a truth universally acknowledged that a single man in possession of a good fortune must be in want of a wife. “ What is his name?” “ Is he married or single?”

“ Oh! Single, my dear, to be sure! A single man of large fortune; four or five thousand a year. What a fine thing for our girls!” “ How so? How can it affect them?”

“ My dear Mr. Bennet,” replied his wife, “ how can you be so tiresome! You must know that I am thinking of his marrying one of them.”

凡是有錢的單身漢，總想娶位太太，這已經(jīng)成了一條舉世公認(rèn)的真理。

“這個(gè)人叫什么名字？” “有太太的呢，還是單身漢？”

“噢！是個(gè)單身漢，親愛的，確確實(shí)實(shí)是個(gè)單身漢！一個(gè)有錢的單身漢；每年有四五千磅的收入。真是女兒們的福氣！” “這怎么說？關(guān)女兒們什么事？”

“我的好老爺，”太太回答道，“你怎么這樣叫人討厭！告訴你吧，我正在盤算，他要是挑中我們一個(gè)女兒做老婆，可多好！”

“難道就因?yàn)槲乙回毴缦础⒛�默無聞、長相平庸、個(gè)子瘦小，就沒有靈魂，沒有心腸了？——你想錯(cuò)了!— —我的心靈跟你一樣豐富，我的心胸跟你一樣充實(shí)！要是上帝賜予我一點(diǎn)姿色和充足的財(cái) 富，我會(huì)使你同我現(xiàn)在一樣難分難舍，我不是根據(jù)習(xí)俗、常規(guī)，甚至也不是血肉之軀同你說 話，而是我的靈魂同你的靈魂在對(duì)話，就仿佛我們兩人穿過墳?zāi)�，站在上帝腳下，彼此平等 bourgeois system of education.

country squire. She compares them to the uncultivated and narrow-minded Philistines.

3.Another problem raised in the novel is the position of woman in society. Jane Eyre, the heroine of the novel, maintains that woman should have equal rights with men. So education is important for woman?s happiness.

2.Not less severe is author the ?s description of the English

——本來就如此！”

大題

·pure here not refers to the physical meaning but the spiritual one.Throughout the novel, Tess was loyal to her true feelings. She remained her loyalty to Angel. Alec only claimed her body. She was spiritually with Angel all the time.

·She is responsible and does her best for the family. ·She is honest.

·She could face her tragedy with great dignity.

Tess?s fate is personal:

She happens to be so beautiful, so pure, so innocent, and so poor, and she happens to get involved with 2 men who, though apparent rivals, actually joint their forces in bringing about her destruction. Her fate is a social one:

It can be the fate of any country girl like her. It can be the fate of all the peasants who are driven out of their land and home and forced to seek somewhere else for sustenance. ·Most of his works have the gloomy, sullen landscape of Wessex in the background.

·The underlying theme of his novels is the struggle of man against the mysterious force which rules the world, brings misfortune into man?s life and predetermines his fate. This fatalism is strongly reflected in his writings.

·In his works the strong elements of naturalism is combined with a tendency towards symbolism, which somewhat spoil the main realistic effect of his art.

·His novels move rapidly in a series of episodic descriptions with details which always result in leaving sufficient room for the 1.One of the central themes of the book is the criticism of the

4.The author advocates the equality between man and woman in marriage, also she insisted that the emotions and moral ·Jane Eyre was a little plain governess with quick wit, honesty, frankness, loving heart and the spirit of independence and self-dignity.

In literature, she is an individual conscious to self-realization. She was lonely and neglected young woman with a fierce longing for love, understanding and a full, happy life.

·In author?s mind, man?s life is composed of perpetual struggle between sin and virtue, good and evil. The heroines? joy, comes from the sacrifice of self and the overcome of some weakness.

·By Jane?s experience, we can see the cruelty, hypocrisy, and other evils of the upper classes and the misery and the suffering of the poor, and the false social convention on love and marriage. Heathcliff

To everyone but Catherine and Hareton, Heathcliff seems to be an inhuman monster—or even incarnate evil. From a literary perspective, he is a man of stormy emotions who shuns humanity because he himself has been ostracized; a rebellioushero who functions as a law unto himself. Heathcliff is both despicable and pitiable. His one sole passion is Catherine, yethis commitment to his notion of a higher love does not seemto include forgiveness. He hates as deeply as he loves;

therefore, he is despised as much as he is pitied. Catherine

Often viewed as the epitome of the free spirit, Catherine is torn between two worlds. On one hand, she longs to be with Heathcliff, her soul mate. On the other, she recognizes what a marriage to Edgar can do for her socially, and she enjoys those things that Edgar can provide for her. Ultimately, she is self-absorbed and self-centered, and although she claims to love both Heathcliff and Edgar, she loves herself more, and this selfish love ends up hurting everyone who cares for her Edgar Linton

Edgar represents the typical Victorian hero, possessing qualities of constancy and tenderness; however, a non-emotional intellectual is

英美文學(xué)欣賞篇三：英美文學(xué)欣賞-需賞析的作品

作品賞析（分析截取部分在全文中的作用，意義，功能，結(jié)尾開頭為何用那個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)-文學(xué)手段，手法作用，-主題，象征，

Remeo and Juliet -----William Shakespeare

Letter to Lord Chesterfield

Persuasion

The Dead

A Tales of Two Cities

Daisy Miller

A Rose for Emily

Hills like the white Elephant

A clean Well-lighted House

詩歌分析（作品，作者，

A Red Red Rose

I Wandered Lonely as A Cloud

Break,Break,Break

Because I could not stop for death

Stopping by woods on a snowy evening

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