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        不同裝煙方式對烤煙烘烤效果的影響

        發(fā)布時間:2019-08-22 來源: 美文摘抄 點擊:


          摘 要:為明確不同裝煙方式對烘烤效果的影響,以云煙87為試材,對煙夾和散葉插簽裝煙方式進行對比研究。結(jié)果表明:與煙夾裝煙方式相比,散葉插簽鮮煙裝煙量顯著提高14.7%,烤后煙干煙量顯著提高了13.4%;煙葉失水速率達到最大的時間較早;每千克干煙葉的耗煤量和耗電量其成本分別提高了0.07%,11.8%,但用工成本顯著降低了51.38%,最終總成本顯著降低了17.86%;二者外觀質(zhì)量差異不明顯,但散葉插簽裝煙方式上中等煙比例和光滑煙比例提高,下等煙比例顯著下降,均價顯著提高。
          關(guān)鍵詞:烤煙;煙夾;散葉插簽;烘烤效果
          中圖分類號:S572 文獻標(biāo)識碼:A DOI 編碼:10.3969/j.issn.1006-6500.2017.12.017
          Abstract: In order to determine the influence of different loading methods on the baking effect, test of Yunyan 87 as tested materials, and the comparative test was done in different leaf loading ways such as clip style, loose leaf inserting. The results showed that the loose leaf inserting was compared with tobacco clamping hanger, the amount of fresh tobacco from the loose leaf inserting was significantly increased by 14.7%, and the amount of flue-cured tobacco increased significantly by 13.4%. The water loss rate of tobacco leaves reached the maximum time earlier. The cost of coal consumption and power consumption per kilogram of dry tobacco leaves increased by 0.07% and 11.8%, but the labor cost was significantly reduced by 51.38%, the final total cost was significantly reduced by 17.86%. There was no obvious difference in appearance quality between them. But the proportion of upper middle and smooth tobacco were increased by inserting loading way, the proportion of lower tobacco was significantly lower, and average price increased significantly.
          Key words: flue-cured tobacco;tobacco clamping hanger;lose-leaf with leaf-holding needle;curing effect
          煙草品質(zhì)的優(yōu)劣與烘烤密切相關(guān)[1],烘烤質(zhì)量的優(yōu)劣與烤房設(shè)備、裝煙方式等均有一定的關(guān)系。近年來,密集烘烤因為裝煙量大,利于節(jié)能減耗,烘烤能提質(zhì)增效,具有一定的優(yōu)勢,得到了廣泛的應(yīng)用[2-3]。但密集烤房烤后煙品質(zhì)存在煙葉結(jié)構(gòu)緊密、油分少等缺陷,為進一步提高煙葉質(zhì)量、降低烘烤成本,國內(nèi)開展了裝煙密度[4]、裝煙方式[5-6]等相關(guān)研究。近年來,在裝煙方式上,關(guān)于煙夾與散葉裝煙方式已有大量的報道[7-9]。楊慶民等[10]、葉志國等[11]和王春生等[12]研究認為,煙夾裝煙方式存在裝煙不均勻的問題,造成烤壞煙比例增加,使烤后煙中等煙率降低。徐立猛等[13]研究認為,煙夾裝煙方式在烘烤過程中容易掉煙,且外觀質(zhì)量低于散葉等裝煙方式。劉闖等[14]研究認為,10 cm 寬煙夾有利于提高煙葉的感官質(zhì)量。謝已書等[15-16]研究認為,煙夾和散葉裝煙方式能降低煙葉的烘烤成本,散葉烘烤能提高烤房的裝煙量以及烤后煙的上中等煙率。張警予等[17]研究認為,散葉裝煙方式能顯著降低用工和能耗成本,但煙夾烤后煙的化學(xué)成分協(xié)調(diào)性優(yōu)于散葉烘烤。武圣江等[18]研究認為,散葉插簽裝煙方式烤后煙的化學(xué)成分更協(xié)調(diào),感官質(zhì)量較高,烤后煙葉質(zhì)量綜合評價最佳。向先友等[19]研究認為,散葉烘烤對煙葉烘烤產(chǎn)量和質(zhì)量等級的提升有一定的作用。煙夾和散葉裝煙方式是隨著密集烤房的推廣衍生出的新型裝煙方式,兩者在密集烘烤中均能提高裝煙量和煙葉質(zhì)量等,但也存在問題,烤后煙光滑、僵硬煙葉等比例較大;谏⑷~插簽烘烤與煙夾烘烤的比較研究較少,本研究結(jié)合云南實際情況,對煙夾、散葉插簽2種不同裝煙方式開展對比試驗,通過分析不同裝煙方式的烘烤成本、失水情況、經(jīng)濟性狀以及烤后煙葉的質(zhì)量,為明確密集烘烤的最佳裝煙方式提供理論支撐。
          1 材料和方法
          1.1 試驗材料
          試驗于2016—2017年在云南省曲靖市三寶鎮(zhèn)烘烤工廠進行,供試品種為云煙87,按照當(dāng)?shù)貎?yōu)質(zhì)煙葉生產(chǎn)技術(shù)規(guī)范種植,土壤肥力中等,規(guī);芾,選取正常成熟的中部煙葉(8~10位葉),在標(biāo)準化密集烤房進行烘烤,規(guī)格為8 m × 2.7 m,裝煙 3層。
          1.2 試驗設(shè)計
          試驗共設(shè)2個處理:對照組CK,煙夾裝煙方式;處理組T,散葉插簽裝煙方式。煙夾、散葉分風(fēng)板[17]等均由云南省曲靖市煙草公司提供,煙夾、散葉插簽裝煙時松緊適宜,煙夾裝煙每夾14~16 kg為宜、散葉插簽以70~80 kg·m-2為宜,散葉裝煙時葉尖朝上葉柄朝下。

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