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        科技新聞?dòng)⒄Z(yǔ)應(yīng)用特點(diǎn)

        發(fā)布時(shí)間:2018-07-01 來(lái)源: 美文摘抄 點(diǎn)擊:


          摘要:隱喻不僅存在于文學(xué)及日常語(yǔ)言中,隨著科技的發(fā)展,隱喻也被廣泛的應(yīng)用于科技英語(yǔ)文本中。本文總結(jié)VOA慢速科技英語(yǔ),探討科技語(yǔ)言的應(yīng)用特點(diǎn)。
          關(guān)鍵詞:科技;新聞;隱喻;特點(diǎn)
          科技英語(yǔ)作為科技語(yǔ)言的一個(gè)分支,隱喻必然在其詞匯和表達(dá)方面起著重要的作用。一方面,隨著現(xiàn)代科學(xué)技術(shù)的飛速發(fā)展,大量新詞根據(jù)隱喻機(jī)制被創(chuàng)造出來(lái),人類(lèi)根據(jù)隱喻用其較為熟悉領(lǐng)域的經(jīng)驗(yàn)來(lái)說(shuō)明和解讀較為陌生領(lǐng)域。另一方面,隱喻促使科技術(shù)語(yǔ)的詞義和用法得以擴(kuò)充和拓展。此外新聞還要滿足1. 大眾性。新聞刊物是大眾傳播媒介其語(yǔ)言適應(yīng)廣大讀者的閱讀水平;2. 趣味性。不僅要求報(bào)道內(nèi)容,而且語(yǔ)言要適應(yīng)讀者的愛(ài)好和閱讀習(xí)慣,新詞和臨時(shí)生造的詞可使文章更加活潑生動(dòng);3. 節(jié)儉性。是精煉語(yǔ)言的重要手段。
          一、外形相似
          1 White House officials also say Mr. Obama will go to Capitol Hill on Sunday to meet with Democratic lawmakers on efforts to advance health care reform. (Dec 9)
          白宮實(shí)際就是美國(guó)政府,由其建筑的顏色而其名。
          二、位置相似
          1 Competition to work at a top hospital can be fierce.(Jun 2)
          2 One of the scientists says the past six years have shown the lowest Arctic sea ice cover ever measured. (Nov 26)
          3 Unemployment is rising and will likely reach a historic peak of nearly 10 percent next year. (Sep 18)
          4 H.I.V. is short for the human immunodeficiency virus. The experts say estimates of new H.I.V. infections are down by about fifteen percent in Africa, south of the Sahara Desert. And, new infections have decreased almost twenty-five percent in East Asia. (Dec, 8)
          “競(jìng)爭(zhēng)是方向”,“權(quán)利是方向”以及“疾病是方向”,人們很容易理解高為優(yōu)秀,高為競(jìng)爭(zhēng)激烈,高為病情嚴(yán)重。
          三、結(jié)構(gòu)相似
          1 NTT DoCoMo is pouring billions of dollars into building a 3G empire that it hopes will eventually spread across the globe. (Sep 18)
          2 Scarpetta said:“Part of the stimulus packages have been additional resources for labor markets and social policies.”(Sep 18)
          投資一個(gè)新的領(lǐng)域類(lèi)似建立一個(gè)新的帝國(guó),一系列的措施類(lèi)似一個(gè)完整的包裹,這些人們熟悉的語(yǔ)言恰好滿足了新聞的特點(diǎn),大眾性,趣味性。
          四、功能相似
          1 The humble algae could lead be a revolutionary tool in the battle against climate change. (Sep 4)
          2 OECD unemployment division chief Stephan Scarpetta says the number of jobless among the OECD"s 30 member countries is expected to climb even higher next year. (Sep 18)
          3 Tornadoes form when winds blowing in different directions meet in the cloud and begin to turn in circles. (Jun 9)
          4 Satellite images show an ice bridge that held a huge Antarctic ice shelf in place recently broke apart. (May 5)
          動(dòng)物也有類(lèi)似于人的身份;企業(yè)的成長(zhǎng)類(lèi)似人類(lèi)的運(yùn)動(dòng),如爬山;自然的現(xiàn)象類(lèi)似人類(lèi)日常動(dòng)作或是一種事物。
          五、特性相似
          1 Tornadoes can also destroy anything in their path. (Jun 9)
          2 Australia is preparing to introduce technology that allows algae to capture half or more of the greenhouse gases emitted by a power station. (Sep 4)
          3 As well as Australia, the pioneering algae technology is also being tested in the United States and Germany. (Sep 4)
          4 根據(jù)某些事物本身特性,比如溫室,先行者來(lái)解釋科學(xué)現(xiàn)象或發(fā)現(xiàn),易于被大眾接受。
          本文作者嘗試采用隱喻作為教授科技英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)篇的手段,挖掘?qū)W生的隱喻智力,力圖探索科技隱喻成果應(yīng)用于教學(xué)。高職院校的英語(yǔ)課程其“實(shí)用性”即語(yǔ)言交流的工具性,課程的教學(xué)目標(biāo)是“通過(guò)指導(dǎo)學(xué)生閱讀和收聽(tīng)有關(guān)專(zhuān)業(yè)的英語(yǔ)書(shū)刊和文獻(xiàn)及科技新聞,提高閱讀和翻譯科技資料的能力,并能以英語(yǔ)為工具獲取本專(zhuān)業(yè)實(shí)際工作中所需的信息。
          參考文獻(xiàn):
          [1]胡壯麟 《語(yǔ)言·認(rèn)知·隱喻》 現(xiàn)代外語(yǔ) 1997
          [2]Kuhn, Thomas, Samuel. Metaphor in Science. In A: Ortony (eds.). 1993.
          [3]林書(shū)武 《國(guó)外隱喻研究綜述》 外語(yǔ)教學(xué)與研究 (l09):11-19 1997
          [4]Goatly, Andrew. 1997. The Language of Metaphor. London: Routledge.
          [5]馬援 《科技語(yǔ)篇中的隱喻研究》 太原理工大學(xué) 2007.
          [6]束定芳 《隱喻學(xué)研究》 上海:上海外語(yǔ)教育出版社 2003.

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