摘要：為明確不同生態(tài)區(qū)域烤煙關(guān)鍵香氣物質(zhì)種類，并依據(jù)香氣物質(zhì)對(duì)不同生態(tài)區(qū)域進(jìn)行分類，采用正己烷常溫萃取法和液相-氣相-質(zhì)譜聯(lián)用技術(shù)對(duì)不同烤煙風(fēng)格6個(gè)生態(tài)區(qū)域烤煙煙葉香氣物質(zhì)進(jìn)行測(cè)定。結(jié)果表明，不同生態(tài)區(qū)域煙葉有14種香氣物質(zhì)差異顯著，貴州中部山區(qū)煙葉中巨豆三烯酮等8種香氣物質(zhì)含量顯著高于其他產(chǎn)區(qū)。主成分分析表明，巨豆三烯酮、茄酮和降茄二酮是不同風(fēng)格烤煙的關(guān)鍵香氣物質(zhì)；以貴州中部山區(qū)煙葉香氣物質(zhì)的主成分得分排名最高，云貴高原產(chǎn)區(qū)排名最低。通過主成分聚類分析將6個(gè)生態(tài)區(qū)劃分為3類，第1類以貴州中部山區(qū)為主；第2類以秦巴山區(qū)為主；第3類以武陵山區(qū)為主，而山東產(chǎn)區(qū)、東北產(chǎn)區(qū)和云貴高原產(chǎn)區(qū)的取樣點(diǎn)分別在第2、3類中分布�；�于煙葉香氣物質(zhì)含量的不同生態(tài)區(qū)烤煙評(píng)價(jià)和分類是可行的。
　　關(guān)鍵詞：不同生態(tài)區(qū)域；烤煙；香氣物質(zhì)
　　中圖分類號(hào)：TS41+1文章編號(hào)：1007-5119（2015）03-0001-07 DOI：10.13496/j.issn.1007-5119.2015.03.001
　　Abstract： The main purpose of this study was to explore the key aroma in flue-cured tobacco leaves， and to classify different ecological regions tobacco based on this. Seventeen aroma were analyzed by N-hexane solvent extraction and liquid chromatography-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry （LC-GC-MS） method with 115 flue-cured tobacco samples collected from 25 sampling points in six ecological regions. Principal component analysis and cluster analysis were conducted on the determination results of aroma. Results showed that the contents of fourteen aroma components were significantly different among flue-cured tobacco leaves from different ecological regions.Moreover， eight aroma components including megastigmatrienonelin flue-cured tobacco leaves of mountainous areas of central Guizhou were significantly higher than the other regions. Principal component analysis suggested that the key of aroma components in flue-cured tobacco leaves included megastigmatrienonel，solanone and norsolandione. The highest score of principal component was from the mountainous areas of central Guizhou， while the lowest score was from Yunnan， Guizhou plateau production areas. Using principal component-cluster analysis method based on the contents of aroma components in flue-cured tobacco leaves， the six ecological regions tobacco in this study could be divided into three clusters， with the first one represented by the mountainous areas of central Guizhou， the second one represented by the mountainous areas of Qinba， and the third one represented by the mountainous areas of Wuling. In addition， the sampling points of Shandong production areas， Northeast production areas and Yunnan， Guizhou plateau production areas belonged to the second and third cluster respectively. Aroma components can be used in evaluating and classificationofflue-cured tobaccofrom different ecological regions.
　　Keywords： different ecological regions； flue-cured tobacco；aroma
　　我國烤煙按其香氣風(fēng)格分為清香型、中間香型和濃香型三大類，其中，中間香型所占的比例最高。中間香型煙葉產(chǎn)區(qū)從云貴高原到長白山麓，產(chǎn)區(qū)跨度大，生態(tài)條件相差懸殊。不同生態(tài)區(qū)之間煙葉風(fēng)格特色差別較大，煙葉質(zhì)量特色或風(fēng)格與生態(tài)條件、品種、栽培措施、調(diào)制方法等多種因素有關(guān)[1-4]，其中，生態(tài)條件是主要影響因素[5]。生態(tài)條件等因素造成的煙葉香氣物質(zhì)含量和比例的差異是煙葉香氣風(fēng)格不同的重要原因[6]。因此，人們圍繞煙葉香氣物質(zhì)開展了大量研究。有研究認(rèn)為，煙葉中新植二烯和類胡蘿卜素降解產(chǎn)物的含量對(duì)煙葉香氣質(zhì)量有重要影響[7-8]；王能如等[9]認(rèn)為大馬酮、巨豆三烯酮、茄酮等最能代表我國烤煙主體香味成分；李章海等[10]認(rèn)為不同產(chǎn)區(qū)煙葉香氣指數(shù)的差異由茄酮、大馬酮等主導(dǎo)。綜上所述，煙葉質(zhì)體色素和西柏烷類降解產(chǎn)物對(duì)香氣質(zhì)量貢獻(xiàn)較大[3，8-9，11]；但由于煙葉香氣物質(zhì)種類的多樣性及其與煙葉質(zhì)量關(guān)系的復(fù)雜性，目前，煙葉關(guān)鍵香氣物質(zhì)評(píng)價(jià)指標(biāo)并未得到廣泛認(rèn)同。為此，本研究以不同風(fēng)格烤煙生態(tài)區(qū)煙葉樣品為研究對(duì)象，分析不同生態(tài)區(qū)烤煙香氣物質(zhì)的差異，篩選煙葉關(guān)鍵香氣物質(zhì)指標(biāo)，以期為特色優(yōu)質(zhì)煙葉開發(fā)和煙葉香型風(fēng)格產(chǎn)區(qū)定位提供理論依據(jù)。

相關(guān)熱詞搜索：烤煙 煙葉 香氣 物質(zhì) 生態(tài)