摘 要：為探究磷肥失調對綏陽典型植煙土壤磷有效性及煙葉（CK1）產量和品質的影響，指導該地區(qū)煙葉生產合理施磷，并減少環(huán)境污染，本文以烤煙K326為研究材料，以不施肥和當?shù)乜緹熒�產正常施肥量（CK2）為對照，設置一個缺磷處理，即僅不施磷肥而正常施用氮鉀肥，一個磷過量處理，即正常施用氮鉀肥，施用正常用量2倍的磷肥，2016年在綏陽進行小區(qū)對比試驗。結果表明：磷肥能促進煙株生長發(fā)育，提高煙葉產量，但土壤中磷肥失調，成熟期煙葉經濟性狀較差，內在化學成分不協(xié)調，品質較差；土壤中殘留的磷仍具有效性，且各營養(yǎng)元素間存在相互促進和抑制吸收現(xiàn)象；另外，增施磷肥，能顯著提高土壤有效磷和無機磷含量，擴大土壤有效磷庫；土壤各形態(tài)無機磷中，以Fe-P含量最高，達到了16～19mg·kg-1，Al-P含量最少，不足1mg·kg-1；4個處理無機磷總量相對于原始土樣的增量分別為21.7、12.0、8.4和7.1%，過量和正常施磷均造成該地區(qū)磷肥資源的浪費以及增加環(huán)境污染的風險，建議適當降低磷肥施用量長期施用或以當?shù)卣�常施磷量間歇性施用，但降低磷肥施用時要注意相應地調整氮鉀肥的施用量。
　　關鍵詞：磷；失調；土壤磷有效性；產量；煙葉品質
　　中圖分類號：S572
　　文獻標識碼：A
　　文章編號：1008-0457（2017）06-0038-06 國際DOI編碼：10.15958/j.cnki.sdnyswxb.2017.06.007
　　Abstract：This study explores the effects of phosphate disorders on the phosphorous availability in typical tobacco soil of Suiyang County， Guizhou Province， in order to guide the reasonable application of phosphorous for the production of tobacco in this region and reduce environmental pollution. The material used was cured tobacco K326. No fertilization and local normal fertilization（CK2） were set as control groups. The experiment included a phosphorus deficiency treatment （i.e. normal nitrogen and potassium fertilizer level but no phosphorus fertilizer） and a phosphorus excess treatment （i.e. normal nitrogen and potassium fertilizer level but twice the phosphorus fertilizer than normal level）. Plot contrast test was carried out in Suiyang County in 2016. The results indicated that phosphorus fertilizer could promote the growth of tobacco and increase tobacco yield， but the phosphate disorders could lead to inferior economic character， incongruous internal chemical components and lower quality. The residual phosphate left in the soil still has efficiency， and the interaction of the elements could promote or inhibit their absorption. In addition， increase of phosphorus fertilizer could improve the content of effective phosphorus and inorganic phosphorus significantly and thus extend the effective phosphorus pools. Among the different inorganic phosphorus types， the content of Fe-P was the highest， reached 16～19 mg·kg-1， while Al-P was the lowest， less than 1 mg·kg-1. The contents of total inorganic phosphate were increased in the four treatments relative to the control group and the increase were 21.7%、12.0%、8.4% and 7.1%， respectively. Both the excess and normal phosphorus fertilizer leads to a waste of phosphorus resources and increase the risk of environmental pollution. Therefore， we suggest appropriate reduction of the phosphorus fertilizer for the long term or intermittent application of normal phosphorus fertilizer. In addition， the use of nitrogen and potassium fertilizers should also be adjusted accordingly while reducing the rates of phosphorus application.

相關熱詞搜索：煙土 施用 磷肥 煙葉 性及