貴州黔南煙區(qū)煙葉烤前蟲(chóng)源性異物種類調(diào)查與防控
發(fā)布時(shí)間:2019-08-25 來(lái)源: 日記大全 點(diǎn)擊:
摘要煙葉烤前蟲(chóng)源性異物屬烤煙一類惡性異物,對(duì)烤煙品質(zhì)的影響尤為重要。黔南煙區(qū)烤前蟲(chóng)源性異物種類復(fù)雜。異物關(guān)鍵種類為鱗翅目夜蛾科害蟲(chóng)的蟲(chóng)繭、半翅目蝽科的蟲(chóng)卵、同翅目蚜科的蛻皮及蜘蛛蟲(chóng)卵。黔南部分煙區(qū)個(gè)別年份夜蛾科害蟲(chóng)的蟲(chóng)繭發(fā)生偏重,烘烤后可隨烤煙攜入復(fù)烤環(huán)節(jié),對(duì)烤煙品質(zhì)已構(gòu)成潛在威脅。煙葉蟲(chóng)源性異物防控要貫徹“預(yù)防為主、綜合防治”的方針,將異物控制在烘烤之前。
關(guān)鍵詞烤煙;黔南州;蟲(chóng)源性異物;夜蛾科害蟲(chóng)
中圖分類號(hào)S572文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼A文章編號(hào)0517-6611(2015)31-012-02
Investigation on Species and Pest Control for Foreign Material in Tobacco Region of Qiannn State of Guizhou Province
SU Wulei1, LUO Qianqian1, XIONG Maorong1, HUANG Yanzhang2* et al
(1. Qiannan Tobacco Company, Duyun, Guizhou 558000; 2. College of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui 230036)
Abstract The foreign material in tobacco especial for insect source material as a kind of malignant foreign material, is critical to quality of cigarette. The species of foreign material for insect source is abundant, and the key species included the cocoons of Lepidoptera Noctuidae, eggs of Hemiptera Pentatomidae, moults of Homoptera Aphididae and eggs of spider. The occurrence of cocoons of Noctuidae pest is serious in some tobacco region of Qiannan state in individual years. The cocoons could become potential threaten to the character of tobacco when it was brought into the rebaking stage. The control of foreign material of insect source in tobacco must be carried out the policy of “Prevention first and comprehensive control” in order to control the foreign material before the bake stage.
Key words Tobacco; Qiannan State; Foreign material of insect; Noctuidae pest
煙葉作為煙草工業(yè)的原料,無(wú)論是在大田期還是在收購(gòu)流通、貯藏加工環(huán)節(jié),常因流入部分異物而造成重大的經(jīng)濟(jì)損失。目前,國(guó)內(nèi)外對(duì)烤煙中雞毛、木片、紙片、皮帶塑料等異物的剔除技術(shù)已有少量研究報(bào)道,并且取得一定的研究成果[1-4]。蛋白性異物屬烤煙一類惡性雜物,對(duì)卷煙品質(zhì)的影響尤為重要。蟲(chóng)源異物屬蛋白性異物之一。蟲(chóng)源性異物不僅可在煙葉倉(cāng)儲(chǔ)期由煙倉(cāng)害蟲(chóng)危害后遺留的蟲(chóng)尸形成,而且在大田期亦可由節(jié)肢動(dòng)物在煙葉表面經(jīng)發(fā)育蛻皮、結(jié)繭化蛹或成蟲(chóng)產(chǎn)卵遺留造成。通過(guò)對(duì)黔南煙區(qū)大田、烤房進(jìn)行實(shí)地調(diào)研,筆者基本明確該煙區(qū)煙葉烤前蟲(chóng)源性異物的主要種類,并且制定科學(xué)的防控措施。
1黔南煙區(qū)煙葉烤前蟲(chóng)源性異物主要種類
2014~2015年對(duì)黔南煙區(qū)進(jìn)行實(shí)地調(diào)查。結(jié)果表明,煙葉烤前蟲(chóng)源性異物種類眾多,不僅包括煙草害蟲(chóng)(植食性昆蟲(chóng)),而且包括一些煙草害蟲(chóng)的天敵(肉食性昆蟲(chóng),例如蜘蛛蟲(chóng)卵、姬蜂繭殼等),甚至一些煙田中性昆蟲(chóng)。這些節(jié)肢動(dòng)物均能夠混入煙葉烤后環(huán)節(jié),進(jìn)而形成卷煙蟲(chóng)源異物。黔南煙區(qū)烤前蟲(chóng)源性異物關(guān)鍵種類為鱗翅目夜蛾科害蟲(chóng)的蟲(chóng)繭、半翅目蝽科的蟲(chóng)卵、同翅目蚜科的蛻皮及蜘蛛蟲(chóng)卵(圖1~4)。此外,一些植食性害蟲(chóng)天敵昆蟲(chóng)如膜翅目姬蜂科昆蟲(chóng)的蟲(chóng)繭、蟻科有翅蟻成蟲(chóng)、夜蛾科昆蟲(chóng)斜紋夜蛾的卵塊亦可形成異物。
由表1可知,黔南煙區(qū)不同異物害蟲(chóng)種類主要為鱗翅目、半翅目、同翅目、膜翅目和蜘蛛目,共8個(gè)科13種。異物關(guān)鍵種類為鱗翅目夜蛾科害蟲(chóng)的蟲(chóng)繭、半翅目蝽科的蟲(chóng)卵、同翅目蚜科的蛻皮及蜘蛛蟲(chóng)卵。在不同年份異物害蟲(chóng)的發(fā)生狀況也有較大的差異。在干旱年份,煙蚜發(fā)生則明顯偏重。
2煙葉烤前蟲(chóng)源性異物防控措施
煙葉烤前蟲(chóng)源性異物主要為節(jié)肢動(dòng)物的蟲(chóng)卵、蛻皮和繭
蛹。它通過(guò)成蟲(chóng)產(chǎn)卵分泌膠質(zhì)、幼蟲(chóng)蛻皮或吐絲結(jié)繭而黏附
2.1化學(xué)防控
在異物害蟲(chóng)產(chǎn)卵期或幼蟲(chóng)低齡期開(kāi)展藥劑防除,控制成蟲(chóng)落卵量和害蟲(chóng)發(fā)育蛻皮或后期結(jié)繭化蛹。對(duì)
于銀紋夜蛾(Argyrogramma agnata(Staudinger))和斜紋夜蛾
。⊿podoptera litura(Fab.)),可在幼蟲(chóng)低齡期用150 g/L茚蟲(chóng)威懸浮劑、濃度3%甲維鹽微乳劑或200 g/L氯蟲(chóng)苯甲酰胺懸浮劑進(jìn)行噴霧防治,控制后期田間繭蛹量或成蟲(chóng)種群數(shù)量。對(duì)于煙蚜,可用濃度10%吡蟲(chóng)啉可濕性粉劑、濃度50%氟啶蟲(chóng)胺腈水分散粒劑或濃度40%啶蟲(chóng)脒水分散粒劑在種群始盛期開(kāi)展藥劑防治[5-6]。
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