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        ξW(xu)|uǰ

        l(f)r(sh)g:2020-06-17 (li)Դ: ӛȫ c(din)

        ժҪ˞ȫ˼^о҇(gu)(hu)Ļϵµĵһƪ(zhun)ՓЇ(gu)ĻRǧδ֮׃֡F(xin)W(xu)|u(du)҇(gu)(hu)شӰ1860(w)\(yn)(dng)SİվSĩθĸo(j)Ļɡ30ć(gu)(ni)ɵļ(zhng)Ļɴδ(zhn)еЇ(gu)ć(gu)HP(gun)ϵ͇(gu)֮ΈDʽĸ(ni)yֱĸ_(ki)ǰ120g4(g)Aε(hu)׃wvĒʽՓwu(png)r(ji)϶˴еǰ90Ļںˏ|(zh)ƶ^ĻҎ(gu)uM(jn)^(gu)̺҇(gu)ĻϵM(jn)(du)10(g)شĻvʷ¼ocµu(png)r(ji)ͬr(sh)(du)K“(lin)ģʽoc˸ָC˷NAɲ(du)҇(gu)鵜L(zhng)Փ̗l͹(qun)(gu)γˬF(xin)IJвĻy(tng)ĸҪ(du)KAȫď(f)d

        P(gun)I~е(w) ƶ ŒW(xu) h K“(lin)ģʽ lڱ

        һ ĻR(sh)ǧδ֮׃

        Ї(gu)ĻԴؕr(sh)T֪„l(f)Փ(du)(li)Y(ji)ؕI(xin)H϶ʥZ(y)y񣬾H׳ʐ(i)Դ˘(bio)־˫FҾeǕr(sh)FmȻcFѴͬ˵c(hu)ʼM(jn)_(ki)AĻ֮ȺЇ(gu)ĻһW(xu)ӹcͬr(sh)֮ϣD˵ϰρ^(gu)֮o(w)ځyߺ͹ʴį΢Դxͷhڪ(d)δ֪˺֫HcYȼ(j)֮(jng)ֲK(qun)Ļă(ni)ˣٌW(xu)Ļ(gu)\ϒ˂ԴpL(zhng)Q(chng)µѣЌ(zhun)ƪ(d)֮˽ʥmOsԸ

        h(hun)ŕr(sh)(li)Խ(jng);(qun)֮r(nng)m(yng)Ⱥӄ(dng)Ǐ(qing)ߞЏ(qing){SȺw̖(ho)һ·Դ˞(j)˂c(hu)r(nng)r(sh)(jng)^зeҊ(jin)SM(mn)죬҇(gu)L(zhng)_(d)ǧx͵r(nng)ĻL(zhng)r(sh)gI(lng)(li)׷f_(d)ȝhƺ匢ҌW(xu)f(shu)Ğ(qun)Ļϵy(tng)Ҳ^(gu)(sh)׃a(chn)ĻĂ(g)˃r(ji)ֵAȻܪ(d)̎]h(hun)֮(gu)R(sh)؝hڱĻϵy(tng)Ȼm(x)(dng)o(w)(wn)}

        ƫƫr(sh)~̩(jng)ˇ(f)dڽ̸ˌ(du)WĻijԽߓP(yng)˱ɴ˂(g)˃r(ji)ֵƽȡ(i)(l)17o(j)Ӣ(gu)γ½̵˼^߀c@(g)(li)µ(hu)ƶa(chn)ѸߡH(sh)ǰ߀ëѪUĿٿˬF(xin)(hu)(chung)˸r(nng)I(y)ĹI(y)֮Ar(nng)I(y)(du)İl(f)չ(gu)߀֪(ji)׃Qڼā(li)́(li)(yn)@Щˮć(gu)?yn)Q(mo)Ăy(tng)ȻҪԭcЈ(chng)ͬr(sh)硣?c)ڝM(mn)猤Ұl(f)չęC(j)͗lǴA]ʽĭh(hun)҇(gu)ă(ni)߅P(gun)ʹ󺣶ٰЇ(gu)ĹĻܵ_(zhn)R(sh)ǧδ֮׃֡1

        r(nng)I(y)cI(y)ɷNĻgġǰߵӄ(sh)@Ҋ(jin)҇(gu)(hu)F(xin)@ӵBm(x)ӳ挦(du)(qing)--^𷴿--ʧʹ--뵽D(qing)--^쌦(du)֡Ј(jin)---?gu)L(zhng)---·(gu)---׃--- ̩֮^¡Ǹ---ҷ(chung)Ļ--׃Լаl(f)չ(ni)n(yu)⻼---?fn)?--(ni)(zhn)(zhng)(qun)---K“(lin)O---v30꣬lڱ---ĸ_(ki)---ٴˌW(xu)ƼYg(sh)---(jng)(j)---(gu)H(hu)---\ͬl(f)չо(xin)·Dһ?q)֌W(xu)(x)r(sh)_(ki)ʼW(xu)|u ɷNĻڲƽؽгM(mn)ۺͷ(f)P(gun)ϵɞ҇(gu)(hu)Ļl(f)չͣҪ

        ĻƵ^ĝuײ

        ҇(gu)@150(ni)ЃɴC(j)M(jn)Ļ˼չ_(ki)Ļ@һϵy(tng)ǰʼĩֹĻ\(yn)(dng)һΰl(f)ܐڸĸ_(ki)֮Ʊr(sh)ֹ20ǰLj(chng)L(fng)߾Д(sh)ʮ(hu)׃yTصĕr(sh)ǰⵜԴڃ(ni)yΆʮ־oȵڴ֮

        Ԫr(sh)Ї(gu)ʽ(qun)ĻߵM^(zhun)ƪ(d)õĻ(yu)(sh)ѽ(jng)̫^(gu)(qing)ͳ](mi)Ѓ(ni)ƻ(qun)ĚvʷTԣԽW(xu)ČW(xu)ĘOˌ(zhun)ư҇(gu)ٌW(xu)Ļĩ·]P(gun)i(gu)֮(li)ıخ ĻʹA(hu)c^Ļ՝u˥΢mȻڿҫǬʢֻf(shu)݅gͻԼij(g)о(du)o(w)ҕĴ󱳾Լӛ(wn)֮W(xu)vʷCԪ(li)҇(gu)(zhun)(hu)ϻl(f)չO?x)r@¶Wڴ˕r(sh)ˇ(f)dڽ̸M(jn)˽Ŀ܇(ch)1689Ӣ(gu)ġsĴ_ʹ(li)һΡ(sh)ٝɵġͷƵ(hu)(bio)־M(jn)ˬF(xin)@NͬڴǰĻϵy(tng)ľֲl(f)չd(bio)־(hu)‚(g)ȼ(j)ׅf(xi)ڷ֮µƶ(li)r(nng)ǰδ@NF(xin)(hu)Ч(yng)Ӱ˴낀(g)硣S^ƶĻ(jng)^(gu)(sh)Č(sh)`z(yn)uɞһr(ji)ֵgeneral value,Еr(sh)gr(ji)ֵ

        ˼µa(chn)͹I(y)g(sh)Ǖr(sh)ѳԽɽl(f)չAĻԹԁ(li)иɽ|Rڵ؄(sh)]İȫh(hun)γɵĪ(d)ĝhĻwϵ_(ki)ʼܵ(zhn)挦(du)f(wn)δеĴ׃˲R(sh)o(w)ɺfԴ֪R(sh)ӢʿҲͬŮ֪⻼ڼȳͥ(du)˥ڵxyo

        Ї(gu)Ļ_(ki)ʼڟo(w)c(du)Ԓ(hu)(hu)M(jn)W(xu)|uĚvɞ˺150Ļ(xin)

        κԴ׳L(zhng)ʢ[2]һ鸻(gu)(qing)_(ki)k(w)ҕO(sh)C(j)֡_(ki)úVFV܊܊УƸ⼮k(x)ɆTW(xu)˵ƁδǞW(xu)|uһAΣfwƃ(ni)M(jn)еĸĸM(jn)ͷġ漼ɡl(f)vr(sh)30(chung)҇(gu)̘I(y)ʹ҇(gu)M(jn)˟r(sh)Ҳʹ҇(gu)ĻcsС˲ࡣҹ厧˽ĻTa(chn)I(lng)_(ki)˽̵Ⱥ(du)İl(f)չɛ](mi)

        (yn)[3]ȵڶĻӢʼ֪̩ԏ(qing)(jin)ֻhԺ(gu)ߡƷ䱾4Ҫʹ҇(gu)(hu)ƕr(sh)˸^v(zhng)ɄtĚvʷy(tng)ЧӢ(gu)ձ(sh)ʵֻxϵć(gu)Ԫײڑ֮ȏUֹ˾(g)˼(qun)ܶŽ^JDλ ž˽Ұļ҂(hu)(dng)y(gu)ҿ֮;(qun)ɢƽ½Mɵć(gu)(hu)ƶcҎ(gu)t(ni)w(w)ڑ֮Ļh, h(hu), xeP(gun)ƶĻ¸Դ˝u|A@Щ(bio)־҇(gu)ɹŴ(hu)~M(jn);M(jn)ƶĻQ(chng)Ї(gu)ȡ˵ڶ(g)L(zhng)M(jn)܌(sh)F(xin)t҇(gu)c(sh)l(f)_(d)(gu)ͬr(sh)S(hu)к(li)(gu)N⻼͔(sh)ʮ¹ԭă(ni)(zhn)

        ϧ@δ_(ki)Ĺϵć(gu)񱊶ֻϤ(x)TǰԱijQĂy(tng)(du)ĻоČ(sh)|(zh)ͱҪyܽ׃ĻӢ?c)D׃r(sh)ֲOو(chng)g(sh)ԶF(xin)T˞ʧ`ڹĄ(dng)׃r(sh)͢(qun)F(tun)֞hhųⱾɽY(ji)ͬ˵όӌ(sh)ʿ֮(li)ì^ֱָ(jng)(w)Ҳ֧׃Sµ̫͹HìU(ku)(du)Լ{ֻǹwʵһҊ(jin)˂(g)45ƷAC(sh)ʮ׃t(sh)?zhn)DŽ(sh)
        MTͬʿӢL(fng)⣬SHһһF(xin)ʧC(j)Ї(gu)(hu)·Ϳyʹ_(ki)ʼ

        ǰff(shu)ߌ(du)ՓзԑĻW(xu)ĽǶ˼sՓC̫Ȍ(sh)ﮔ(dng)Ǹе䂀(g)ߵλܵ{DSʿһζ(du)ĚvʷӞ˸yͥδˏUH(sh)꿵͵õˌ(sh)ʩЩ^(gu)֮1902tȫ(gu)_(ki)k͌W(xu)У1905U˿e(gu)صĸrxTW(xu)(hu)(sh)Hѽ(jng)D(zhun)ʮ(sh)ľe@So(j)Ї(gu)ĵĻӢ͌W(xu)g(sh)I(lng)܊УY[5]Ī1908꡶JVƾ(qun)10l(qun)9(g)l
        ͬr(sh)Q(chng)A(y)Бƣ
        ʡh^M
        Ї(gu)ĸĸھC(j)wƃ(ni)ߵͻfDZؽƶȵ߅@݅Ӣw(gu)r(sh)귽Ⱦ߂y(tng)ĻW(xu)(zhun)L(zhng)W(xu)ЌеµĻԸĘ(gu)AĻԺdĻ\(yn)(dng)(sh)H𗉡ʧȥ(chung)W(xu)[6]׃(hu)Ļy(tng)(du)(hu)󼲘(bio)εġԽĻŬη֡[7]Ļ

        W(xu)|uеĵtİ낀(g)o(j)Ļں^(gu)R(sh)wõʽyԼQ׃y(tng)Ļ^͵ƶ@(g)wČ(zhun)Ƶy(tng)ı(hu)Y̺L(fng)M(jn)Ļġȼ(j)^@һcW(xu)ġƽȡìܵĝhĻ(ni)򵹿׼ҵǧf(wn)exЇ(gu)(sh)Ո(qng)ِm֮X(qin)ͬԒ(hu)ּڸ׃҇(gu)Ļdwʽķ(sh)(xi)ʽͨڽmеĻxW(xu)ĸN˼͌W(xu)ڴǰķgm(x)ݔ(hu)xĸڴgȽ(jng)ձĶ(gu)g^(gu)(li)Ǖr(sh)ĻĴp(sh)˵ć(gu)W(xu)ˮƽڴW(xu)£(du)ĻmW(xu)L(zhng)(du)(ni)֪֮δּy⎧мW(xu)õČ(sh)cӡһr(sh)go(w)xа˼(hu)_(d)x(hu)˼H¶Ƴgʮҹh(du)g(hu)˼^(gu)(zhun)T(mn)о8һ100NƺȻƌW(xu)Ľ(jng)gģ9_(ki)Ї(gu)˵ҕҰĘ(gu)Ї(gu)ĻJ(rn)Ї(gu)Ľǽgķʽl(f)չġ

        gı|(zh)nj(du)ɷNZ(y)Եͱ_(d)ʽD(zhun)Q횜(zhn)_F(hu)D(zhun)Qʽ(w)NУ_(d)ǰˌ(du)cĸZ(y)ȫͬNϵĻǷ(du)ijЩȫµP(gun)I~Z(y)R(sh)аʇ(gu)Ļ(li)ÓxԭĵZ(y)Z(y)_(d)e(cu)HһY಻P(gun)ּĽ(jng)еP(gun)I~Z(y)һNµĻ(do)҇(gu)(hu)Ŀ(bio)r(sh)e(cu)t֮壬ʧ֮ǧ

        ͵`gƽȡcƽȸ߀Сa(chn)hԡǾĿ̖(ho)Workers of all countries,unitede(cu)g(sh)ǚvʷz@(jng)gǼM(jn)ĸh(zh)(j)gƬΡĶgȫĵg顰ȫo(w)a(chn)“(lin)(li)ڵĺӢıR̵ԭǡ(gu)Ąڄ(dng)“(lin)(li)g@Ȼڄ(dng)ߡ`ˡo(w)a(chn)ߡ@N`gԴڌ(du)(li)Ļ^ⲻ͸Z(y)Ա@ڄ(dng)ߡco(w)a(chn)ߡă(ni)eˡĻ@ɂ(g)ͬڄ(dng)߷ָ{(ln)I(lng)ͰI(lng)Юa(chn)A(j)ͨo(w)a(chn)A(j)proletaira_(gu)еQ(chng)ġo(w)ѝÝhһ(li)åo(w)a(chn)ؤo(w)ه(li)ڝhж߅^(q)e@?yn)҇?gu)(hu)ֻؚɘOȱЮa(chn)A(j)(x)r(nng)I(y)(hu)߶಻ڄ(dng)ڄ(dng)߅s](mi)҇(gu)y(tng)ĻеҶ](mi)лĻġx(hu)](mi)γɴR(sh);C(j)෴(hu)ؚIˣؚ](mi)סr(sh)לSؤ(c(din)̎xһ(y))

        γ҇(gu)߅(hu)IؚλһwY(ji)췴Ī(d)ؚvʷ(hu)ƽƕr(sh)(do)mپӢısؚI@(li)˾мȟo(w)a(chn)Ҳڄ(dng)B(g)c(din)R˼f(shu)Ąڄ(dng)ߡǰ݅g߂Һҕ@c(din)̖(ho)ge(cu)ʹ҇(gu)ʮ(hu)Ŀ(bio)l(f)ƫֱӌ(do)ĮҕҕЮa(chn)A(j)֪R(sh)@(li)(hu)ɿ(wn)Ⱥ(li)߀ɴˮa(chn)ˇ(gu)h˵IJ͸g(sh)Եķ(gu)L(zhng)ڵĘO˼ߌ(do)ƒɴΰ(hu)(jng)(j)Ƶ˱߅(hu)ԵåR(sh)ҷeyʹĸ_(ki)𲽸Dy(hu)xνO(sh)P(gun)

        (li)Ƶ`g߀^(gu)˾еġ㌏F(tun)g(sh)Z(y)(gu)ֲֻܸġcr(sh)M(jn)ӗlr(sh)횽(jng)(gu)(hu)ăɕ(hu)75%hT75%h(hu)ppͨ^(gu)һla(b)䰸(du)ӵėl(gu)˷Q(chng)֮顰a(b)AmendmentreviesedӢZ(y)a(b)Nķʽmendһ~ĸ(li)޸reviseg򲻶(gu)Ļge(cu)e(cu)gʹ(gu)`Ԟƶ˵һđ(gu)˶޸кβ҇(gu)lޑÿÿ޸ԭe҇(gu)ę(qun)߀Ӣ˾еjuryǬF(xin)gġ㌏F(tun)Ӻhͥ(du)永Пo(w)p̎PͷһһƱQ(qun)䌍(sh)ģЈF(tun)ԷQ(chng)֮顱㌏?ge(cu)Ї(gu)а(li)Æ(wn)һ˪(d)뮔(dng)Ȼ˞Ҳֻr`g׃ӢͥԱQijwЛQČ(sh)|(zh)׌Ї(gu)پЪ(d)еɶЇ(gu)F(xin)˾(do);o˾ĸͽϵKP߈(zh)Pg30֪꣬gd(gu)Ҳ`(gu)e(cu)ggҊ(jin)ʹg(du)ĻҲ̎̎Ȼ̣Ň(gu)Ļ뮔(dng)Ȼ(li)Tɴe(cu)

        a(chn)ʮo(j)˼󶼾зcM(jn)δ(jng)vʷ(yn)(g)c(din)һҲˇ(f)dԁ(li)Ļy(tng)?yn)@NcM(jn)˼mo(j)҇(gu)ĻӢзЇ(gu)(zhun)ĻҪڱJ(rn)ͬHе, ߀O(sh)҇(gu)δ(li)(hu)(bio)

        ڱr(sh)Ψһ˿y(tng)΃(ni)l(f)\(yn)(dng)˺c(hu)ν(jng)(j)(wn)}SҪ_(ki)ʼLj(chng)񶨂y(tng)Ļ^ϵy(tng)Ć\(yn)(dng)ԻS(li)ĻxͣD(du)AĻď(f)d@ӵͣD͔Ѵ_˂æĻ(qun)ĸ(jng)(j)o(w)Ͼ(hu)r(ji)ֵwϵĸ׃@һӆ(wn)}@r(sh)Ӣ(gu)(jng)ڣġM(jn)\(yn)(dng)progressive movementc_˹(new deals)r(sh)_(ti)T෨(hu)ì{(dio)˄YP(gun)ϵ(hu)Č(du)ŝuڅƽӰ(hu)낀(g)o(j)֮õǷN(sh)ȺwķѺͱ(du)ּļM(jn)˼ͽMuʧչAĻȦĹI(y)(hu)õm(x)҇(gu)һĻєѣⲿش׃ѲٞЇ(gu)ĻӢP(gun)ע?yn)ҷ]҇(gu)¸ƳɹI(lng)fĻKڌOɽġy(tng)һY܊,Ӗ(xn),ľ(xin)·D͡һ(g)xһ(g)hһ(g)I(lng)[9]Ăy(tng)ģʽЇ(gu)vʷ_(ki)ʼһܶ(f)ʼĸijQ׎òM(jn)(zhn)r(sh)҇(gu)һΌ(du)(ni)ĸ(du)_(ki)ŵĴĻʹ¡oЇ(gu)(li)M(jn)W(xu)|uг̾ʹֹ

        ʮo(j)ڵo(j)~90҇(gu)W(xu)|uĵһAΣǰ(g)r(sh)ڽ(jng)^(gu)˵Ċ^Qvдԉm^u(png)Ҋ(jin)Ҋ(jin)ǡԞwϿl(f)չҲHɹ

        , ʹЇ(gu)(hu)ĻD(zhun)͡(zhun)ƶ(d)ó̳Ҋ(jin)Ї(gu)|(zh)ɂ(g)ǰ嶼L(zhng)M(jn)ăɷNĻҎ(gu)Ɂ(li)ν(jng)vĻ, ƶĻ, ^Ļ(g)M(jn)ĻB(ti)(sh)_(ki)黱çһʹ(gu)J(rn)R(sh)҇(gu)ԝhr(nng)Դ^Ļɵr(nng)I(y)(jng)ͬϵ^зeɵĂy(tng)ĻW(xu)(x)@NĻX(ju)ѳĸO˕r(sh)ڰ(hu)׃ʼKõ(hu)͸hɵJ(rn)ͬmȻ@Ӣ(li)Ļϵx񲢴_µ(hu)(bio)ϴģcƫĻЧ(yng)ֻTh(hu)ِͣ(li)Ļ^w߀OЇ(gu)(hu)B(ti)h(hun)̫^(gu)ֲĻNϵ˱Ļď(qing)ųc㏊(qing)֮ǡֲ˻҇(gu)еc(qun)Ăy(tng)I(y)a(chn)׃˹k̺kć(gu).ǷNFƽ(g)Aׅf(xi)ĸˢǵĻԲOSIJϧݚa(chn)Ա(qun)ȡ֮Ăy(tng)R(sh)ښvʷ^̎L(fng)

        19081916g҇(gu)һȳF(xin)εC(j)Ϻ(yn)߀ЌOSҊ(jin)Ҋ(jin)ߣպܳɞйhTėȶDԬPQ(chng)ǰV͢Č(zhun)ƶdzڌ(du)(gu)wͷ(hu)׷e˳Ұ•ӑһt(gu)˿ھ(zhun)ƾ֪w֮ʹnj(du)nj(sh)зČ(sh)|(zh)J(rn)R(sh)Ȝ\(dng)ȻԬmSĸ˅L(zhng)c볯(zhn)Сվһ·{ҡϵλ^(jng)v̈́(sh)ɱԸܑ̓ơԹžypҎ(gu)tҰo(w)ԵЇ(gu)עˮ(dng)r(sh)ʩεDyձξSܳɣЃc(din)c҇(gu)ͬһ(qing)Ļ(sh)(qing)ʵę(qun)h(yun)Ї(gu)ʵ˼^wϵĴһy(tng)ڶձM(jn)롰mW(xu)r(sh)[7]r(sh)](mi)зЧЇ(gu)wáģʽԡÓW(hu)(bio)](mi)҇(gu)h@NҞĺr(sh)ڡ(li)ıخĻY(ji)̫ԹžW(xu)(x)ĻđB(ti)^_(ki)ţõľȫW(xu)(li)(du)ʵcЇ(gu)˲ͬ\(chng)֮Ӣ(gu)˲J(rn)(gu)(zhun)ƵòʴWތW(xu)(x)r(sh)׽Ӣ(gu)ׄ(chung)ľ(gu)wλ(qun)w(gu)(hu)hTxw(gu)˺VŌ(zhun)Ļ

        ŒW(xu)ĻɵĔ

        ͬһĻϵy(tng)^y(tng)cy(tng)֮gϴڛ_ͻĻ^_ͬt㲻ܻm(yng)L(zhng)ڹ̎һġߡ(q)ʹӶԷ³ɺ܄(chung)ƶ֮@ͬһNĻϵy(tng)o(qing)ߵľ䌍(sh)(dng)r(sh)Ї(gu)cɷNʽyɣڽy(tng)һę(qun)ܱ˺֮ʸɾӢԵαؓ(f)չ_(ki)(ni)(qun)R(sh)Ñ{vʷTԣꐄمǏVֱP(yng)ײϧݚ(hu)a(chn)ͬijQ(hu)ĻԲ׃ĵĹȦ?sh)һ?jng)DЇ(gu)(hu)ĻĿ(bio)ĻӢܿͱһ(w)(sh)ξӢȡ

        Tʷ(sh)C˺Ї(gu)ɴμȺg(sh)ʮĶԹxϸǸ(zhn)cg(sh)֮(zhng)nj(du)(hu)(bio)Ҋ(jin)(gu)hhT໥棻
        Ϻa(chn)xСM鹲a(chn)hһhV
        S܊Уλβйhռ
        a(chn)(gu)H_͢ߪόOɽĽM(gu)hһίTйa(chn)h^(gu)֮һᓣëɖ|ֲλвL(zhng)ȸߌš(w)
        hK鷶ȡKʲS˵ijб(dng)
        YʌOʿF(tun)L(fng)Kr(sh)a(chn)hKĵĹa(chn)(gu)HԮI(lng)(do)
        hߌʿŮW(xu)K“(lin)KB(yng)c
        ͹ͬյĚvʷP(gun)^(gu)hɴκ
        ʹ_(ti)ɰΌ(du)ŕr(sh)J(rn)wڣ(du)ϺTuYëλĬl(f)ȾC@ɂ(g)ξӢȺ(hu)Ŀ(bio)ˮ

        猢һ(hu)ӢOSȞڶYëȵӢЃɂ(g)Ļֲڹʇ(gu)Č(zhun)Ļ(hu)ŒW(xu)W(xu)(du)y(tng)ĻзyԽ
        ׷¸ƵyԴ_µ(hu)Ŀ(bio)R(sh)ܡеt^֧ԼM(jn)xܞ(w)d҇(gu)ͬČW(xu)Ͽ͵(li)Ļڂy(tng)ĻПo(w)˻ȱA(j)(zhun)ՓcЇ(gu)Ļ޽̫ɼҷ׷ƻؚwν(jng)^ǂ(g)@һӢ˼ؚwձģʽ

        (dng)fY̌ϵ˂˸ȫȼ(j)͌(zhun)^sδ^
        Yx֮ОҎ(gu)ʎȻo(w)浫`(gu)(hu)r(ji)ֵȡ͇(gu)ūԅsȻ
        Ԓ(hu)ȡʹ҇(gu)Ļdwˎ׷ָź(gu)ֽZ(y)wwą^(q)e(sh)Z(y)挦(du)^(gu)fظ(yng)ѩ
        Z(y)w\׶ᘌ(du)Ǵǡ߸ǧ(yng)棬ʹÕr(sh)(du)ӢZ(y)ĪˡӢӹ֮ƫ(zh)һһζ׷󱊰Ԓ(hu)HW(xu)ϵG֮I߀(sh)˲R(sh)ӛʹ(gu)ʧӰKֹAĂصӡfHǕr(sh)ֵAĻD(zhun)·ڣt̽ǰo(w)˵ĵ·(f)sr(sh)goȣĻF(xin)ƫȻzo(w)ɺǰεĻɵôʧֻǚvʷKδȫ@ɴ

        (li)K“(lin)Ļv.

        (zhn)r(sh)(gu)HσɷNR(sh)ΑB(ti)(du)ı£Ї(gu)(hu)M(jn)o(j)к{(zhn)ĵĽ(chng)ζԹSëһf(xi)(hu)hK“(lin)һ߅[10]ǰ҇(gu)ֲĻ(dng)(du)^wϵy(tng)(q)(hu)Ǖr(sh)(du)_(ki)ŵij̶ȿǰӴֻl(f)_(d)(gu)׃ֻ(du)ѪͬK“(lin)Ҫ(gu)¶ه(li)K“(lin)ָ(do)˹֕r(sh)Ă(g)˳(zhun)ơؑ(zhn)öӋ(j)(jng)(j)Ƚ̗lģʽȫP(pn)ֲЇ(gu)(qun)Q(chng)ԭM顰AKS(hu)x(gu)ֱ_(ki)(gu)ǰϦf(xi)(hu)̕r(sh)(jng)҇(gu)һ(g)ΌW(xu)TʿhF(xin)ɴ˿֪(dng)r(sh)ľӢ(du)͡(gu)w֮o(w)J(rn)R(sh)ԞK“(lin)ģʽҲ(gu)

        @Nģ(gu)(gu)֮_(ki)(gu)֮?jng)mFѬ֚Wڽ̸Ă(g)˱λε(gu)ǰ100ε(hu)(sh)`(du)fr(sh)W(hu)Ĺ^(zhun)ƣ⽨wȻĴɴ֑(fears)һǺڡ´ꑡF(xin)뼯(qun)ʧѽ(jng)(sh)ʩһʮĵطΙ(qun)Ǽ(qun)F(xin)ʽ(qing)˶γɂ(g)˪(d)ѭˡ(sh)ٝɡ11ԭt(chung)˹͵ć(gu)w(dng)r(sh)(du)(gu)ԓúηNwҲ(jng)^(gu)ʮ“(lin)Ƶ_ڃɂ(g)ֺ֑(sh)(qun)ҵƽc(din)áƺ⡱ՓČW(xu)Է֙(qun)ԭty(tng)һĴ(gu)͵ط֌“(lin)͸ݸԼę(qun)γɹ(qun)p܉Ž^뼯(qun)_εƶwϵQ˵һ(g)֑ͬr(sh)(j)ę(qun)һ֞˾(g)ϵy(tng)(qun)Č(sh)|(zh)ÿ(g)ϵy(tng)иԪ(d)ę(qun)ÿ(g)ϵy(tng)ę(qun)ܳ^(gu)ϵy(tng)κϵy(tng)ֹϵy(tng)`Оƺķʽֹ(g)˪(d)áQĵڶ(g)֑(chung)(li)һ(g)µwʽԳđʽ̶(li)Ķl(f)չ(li)(hu)һ(g)ƽ͇(gu)w鱣C(qun)ΡO(sh)˃ɵIT(mn)ʹć(gu)L(zhng)ξðЇ(gu)Ļ󡰺cϡĻءc@Ȼ@NՓc(sh)`Ļy(tng)yԞϲôһy(tng)‡(gu)˽

        o(j)҇(gu)^(gu)_Ƶ(hu)Ļ(bio)߀񣬹ijɹĚvʷC(j)vʷzɽ׎ú](mi)y(tng)(zhun)ĻU(zhun)ƵľӢ˼̫һ˂y(tng)Ļď(f)w֮;o(w)(d)ż(c(din)̎xһ(y))

        췴r(sh)M(mn)ǻҪfȼ(j)ϵy(tng)ÄٺԼӸߵAӺX(ju)Ї(gu)@⃺ͦá־hâ׃K“(lin)R(sh)ΑB(ti)֧(du)](du)ԭM(jn)Ļһų҂ָ(do)˼RxҲ(li)Ļ, A(j)W(xu)f(shu)cҵȼ(j)^͌(zhun)ՓcЇ(gu)ľ(zhun)ƺr(nng)񷴌(zhun)ƵĂy(tng)Ļϵy(tng)ġƽȲ(i)^돈֮f(shu)ġwξӢĺ͏UfY̵ҕ鷴⽨ѹʇ(gu)ĻСеٺͱĂy(tng)һԪăr(ji)ֵ^顰ЌW(xu)ıw(li)^вl(f)չѽ־ʿĺԸ(f)K“(lin)Ļ@NwýY(ji)Ї(gu)F(xin)(hu)һ(g)cЇ(gu)y(tng)ĻĻͬ(hu)Ŀ(bio)K“(lin)ϴĽ҂uγһNµIJвĻy(tng)

        K“(lin)Ļ҇(gu)ʮgγɵ(hu)B(ti)Ȧc(din)еĻ^

        ɏһL(zhng)ɘȍu˹ϳɡʮf(wn)h(yun).݆
        1952Ժϵ{(dio)W(xu)K“(lin)B(yng)(zhun)ŵģʽڽڞo(w)a(chn)A(j)η(w)ca(chn)ڄ(dng)Y(ji)B(yng)f(wn)Ќ(zhun)W(xu)
        w(gu)w棺˴f(xi)C(j)(gu)KO(sh)ò(li)Q(chng)
        M]gxeʥһƱr(nng)“(lin)

        (gu)H棺ԮԮԽ۷(gu)Hվoѝ֧ԮR(sh)ΑB(ti)ć(gu)һ(gu)b^˳ϯeߌһ١x֮̎ˮ҂?ni)ţ?br>a(chn)P(gun)ϵ˽ϠI(yng)巴M(j)硢߼(j)һ(g)·(xin)һtkF곬Ӣs
        l(wi)ÿa(chn)Zf(wn)(sh)側kFW(xu)cW(xu)կ
        vA(j)(zhng)A(j)ɷ(li)ӡ҃Aվ(wn)(chng)ĸ
        ˼^һ¿
        ğo(w)Ñ(zhn)ʿ
        L(fng)Ӹ׆hW(yng)
        ČW(xu)AΒ쎛˽
        y(tng)ُ(gu)y(tng)N(xio)YϰK“(lin)ķ䷽ʽl(xing)Ԫч(gu)˷֞ɷNԇ(gu)ҼZľÿ¼Zʳʮ߽ʳăɡƷăǶ
        ʳr(nng)ZĴto(w)˷ָ(bio)ȫD^Zϲ˜yr(sh)˿ڽǧf(wn)˂ϡˮ˴ˡW(xu)(x)˯ݽY(ji)ϣÿ˾l(f)Ʊų߻һɶp¾(xin){Ʊُ(gu)I(mi)^(gu)װ㟟Ʊ
        h(ni)(zhng)Џ]ɽ(hu)hǧ˴(hu)
        ȫ(gu)W(xu)܊5.16֪ͨˌʮȫ(hu)tl(wi)“(lin)f󺣺пëϯ׵ğo(w)a(chn)A(j)˾YһL(fng)췴Ɉ(bo)һՓo(w)a(chn)A(j)(zhun)l^m(x)ľW(xu)f(wn)۟o(w)y(tng)h(yun)Ŵh֧܊“(lin)ϡ˽|t푏ȫ(gu)ɽһƬt֪R(sh)ɽl(xing)߸У˃|ݰ˃|˂(g)Ӱ򳪰A(j)(du)΄(sh)СԽ(li)Խáˎĸٷļf(shu)ѵ˽(jng)(j)߅

        ĸ_(ki)źŻX(ju)з(sh), СѰl(f)չʮꡣ

        30҇(gu)(hu)ɲǰF(tun)Y(ji)Cl(f)չʶdA(hu)B(ti)ֻگL(zhng)(du)n(zhn)Խ(zhn)(du)(ni)A(j)(zhng)ҿo˼R(sh)A(j)(hu)ҕĻҕԶ˞Hԁy·o(j)ʮĻ@ߍ‘ѵȾՓþ̣‘cʩֱƽʥM(jn)И17и˾Ŵ\(yn)(dng)tlj(mng)оԾʾ֪R(sh)L(fng)\(yn)(dng)CѸĐ(i)ͽL(fng)ͽԪ“(lin)ܓP(yng)ܵĻ˴TH
        ܶ(li)ӻ֡Ƶ(w)(sh)ëҕ顰ðM(jn)͇(gu)֮λc(din)Ͽ‘cʩԴ˺ಽڅ[12]L(zhng)
        (dng)ëɖ|(g)˙(qun)u֮r(sh),1956K“(lin)͖|W(li)(g)˳1957δȾI䱾˷Q(chng)֮顰(yng)\ķҴW(wng)²x_¡r(sh)(ch)ƽ\(yn)(dng)ĽMߺյķYTࡱʿʮf(wn)֪R(sh)ӱMW(wng)У
        (g)侮ʯʷϵо(c)Ĵ˺hĻʿs֪R(sh)ӵĪ(d)˸ԱMʧ(hu)ʼʼwo(w)R(sh)
        1959]ɽ(hu)hͻ׃܊Rһ߼(j)نTоxӰжU׌֮L(fng)ë^ď„J(li)ڡ]ɽ(hu)ho(j)(sh)һ(sh)гʹf(shu),h(ni)c֪Դ˱ժ

        Ĵ׃ĸ

        ҇(gu)o(j)ʮ~_(ki)ëϯ뱧h(ni)ǧ˴(hu)pZ(du)3t˵ɵȫ(gu)ԼpԼta(b)(ni)±ʾwͬr(sh)_(ki)ʼһI(lng)(do)Ŀ鮐Iʹ֮ʧ֮1964\(yn)(dng)gֱԪλߙ(qun)@, (zhn)(j)I(yng)ȫ(hu)(g)˳ݵĿՇ
        ˹֮(dng)邀(g)˼(qun)C֮һKίTK܊I(lng)҇(gu)ĸЃλԪ70λ_(ki)(gu)܊m178λ˴ίT(c)ͬȔ(sh)Ŀ췴^M(jn)h룬ˡëϯ׵ğo(w)a(chn)A(j)˾ҦԪġu(png)T١5.16֪ͨ_(ki)Ļꐲ_(d)һġMһţ񡷰l(f)Ay(tng)Y׾f߳(li)Ļ޷򵹣
        tl(wi)ǰ_(ti)˵һɡдo(w)l(f)o(w)족ļʽǡDZP(pn)_(ki)ǰĻ@NʧԵġo(w)ηKڏҕĻߵ˴ݚĻ

        1966ꡰ818_(ki)ʼ찲T(mn)8νҊ(jin)tl(wi)ͬr(sh)߄(dng)˴BԔy(j)hĽMC(j)(gu)h(ni)߼(j)ɲ
        19671ĵġһL(fng)_(ki)ʼ췴ɊZ(qun)
        İ˂(g)Ӱ򹩰˃|˳˰꣨߀ϲg͑
        Ɉ(bo)һՓ{(dio)Dzȫ(gu)Դ˱_(d)Oָ
        ʮ겻_(ki)h(hu),ʮ겻ӹY
        W(xu)ͣk1968һW(xu)(q)ȥVأ
        и߼(j)ɲУ
        ͇(gu)̓B͇(gu)ϯҲĩܱȫ@λӰr(sh)ëI(xin)ٳëh(ni)ߟo(w)ϵĂ(g)˙(qun)֌ڷI(lng)(do)Ķֵ^(li)ʳKڳ˚_(ki)Ĺ»ꡣĄZЄ(dng)f(shu)Ԓ(hu)ę(qun)ֱ{ĶֻǕ(hu)h(bo)I(lng)䡰Ȧ醡ļɿݛՓ͈(zh)߂(g)˺֡(j)f(shu)һ挦(du)Ⱥߕr(sh)҇(gu)ǡ^ǧxҲ](mi)f(wn)ﰣɑz@͇(gu)ĵһ񱻶Ȼ](mi)(jng)κΌг򡣇(gu)Ԫ׵zwĵӛľȻ܊o(w)šI(y)m׷u, ˷

        ʮǰ(hu)a(chn)ԭTӵľ҇(gu)؝hԁ(li)eγɵҾ(qun)(g)ˌ(zhun)񡢵ȼ(j)ƵȂy(tng)ĻĻ](mi)и׃(qun)Ļ^ٹKƵΨһ׃ëϯĂ(g)־c(qun)(g)ŵĹh(hun)ʹ˼o(w)֮Խڑh֮(g)˲ٿؽMӋ(j)e˶لȯֹ(qun)(sh)ʧ߲һ߿I(xin)ĵÌҳūџo(w)Σw֮ʧ^֮`IJٿw֮ʹ֮ʹh֮ʹQǂ(g)кÉĵıϲ

        cǬF(xin)Ї(gu)һŵεČ(xi)(hu)(dng)r(sh)҇(gu)F(xin)I(y)̿ƕ(sh)•Q(chng)һۺ҇(gu)һ(g)⽨ѱƷ(qun).J(rn)ѸKY(ji)ʮT錢܊(q)峯d۳mʮĩ@λĩ(yng)ʌm(jng)(zhn)I(yng)D(zhun)(yng)(zhn)I(yng)1959걻ëɞ鹫ٶӾܡ(dng)귴⽨ëϽ.߃xĂ(g)\(yn)Qλ݆أˇ(gu)\(yn)֮ʹʷR,ͽĸﲩ^낀(g)o(j)(li)ڕr(sh)(sh)f(shu)Ԓ(hu)DZĉ̩İϴ(hu)Ҳӳżţ(sh)ǰȰ`ǰ¡\(chng)ĉ̩@һһЦԷǡ

        Q҇(gu)(hu)Ļ܉EL(fng)H(hu)(du)F(xin)Ї(gu)(hu)鵜K(du)턓(chung)ʹĪ^(gu)ʮ(ni)y(gu)ˌ(du)ǡ᠖sֻo(w)ՄЦgz˚vʷνµć(gu)

        ---------------------

        (1). 塷 Ї(gu)ʷYϡ1980 A(sh)

        (2)(gu)֮ʢӑ᯴

        (3)О?jin)?yn)(f)

        (4)mꐪ(d)㣬ѸYʯ

        (5)Ї(gu)ʷYϡ Ї(gu)ƌW(xu)Ժ܌W(xu)(hu)W(xu)vʷо 1978

        (6)[12]Peter Watson An Intellectual History of the 20th century Harper Collins Publishers 2006

        7ձξSǰmӰ푌W(xu)(x)WĻʷQ(chng)mW(xu)r(sh)

        8uh(hun) ӰЇ(gu)(hu)100NgЇ(gu)(du)ⷭg湫˾ 1996

        910ëɖ| ȫ(gu)f(xi)һһȫw(hu)ϵvԒ(hu)

        11John Locke On government Peoples History Oxford University Press 1955

        12ָӻơ

        13J]ɽ(hu)ho(j)(sh)

        The Index of the Beginning of the Process of the Western Culture Draw Into China ,1860-1980

        Song Chun-chien

        Key words:Westernization production Democratic system New learning

        And Con-Confucianism Revolution lead by two parties Culture of mod of

        Soviet Union

        It is the 1st macro study on the society and the culture of contemporary China. From very beginning of the terrible changes of the situation of Chinese ancient culture facing the western culture from the European countries entering into China gradually and gave much influence to it .Many historical events such as Westernization Movement in 1860s ,the political reformation at the late of Qing government,New Culture Movement civil wars and the relationship between Komingtang and CPCtill the Proletarian revolution are mentioned and analysed.Affirmimg the melting process of the two kinds of cultures from the goods and materials, systems and social ideology step by step. Pointing out the Social Fascism from S.U.has just been a root of troubles for Chinese society more than 30 years and resistance for the reformation and obstruction at present.

        P(gun)~W(xu)|u ξ

        c(din)x

        (qun) ѹӢժ smilezhuce.com