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        經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)專有名詞中英對(duì)照

        發(fā)布時(shí)間:2020-09-01 來(lái)源: 事跡材料 點(diǎn)擊:

         經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)專有名詞

         ? A

          accounting:會(huì)計(jì)

          accounting cost :會(huì)計(jì)成本

          accounting profit :會(huì)計(jì)利潤(rùn)

          adverse selection :逆向選擇

          allocation 配置

          allocation of resources :資源配置

          allocative efficiency :配置效率

          antitrust legislation :反托拉斯法

          arc elasticity :弧彈性

          Arrow"s impossibility theorem :阿羅不可能定理

          Assumption :假設(shè)

          asymetric information :非對(duì)稱性信息

          average :平均

          average cost :平均成本

          average cost pricing :平均成本定價(jià)法

          average fixed cost :平均固定成本

          average product of capital :資本平均產(chǎn)量

          average product of labour :勞動(dòng)平均產(chǎn)量

          average revenue :平均收益

          average total cost :平均總成本

          average variable cost :平均可變成本

         ? B

          barriers to entry :進(jìn)入壁壘

          base year :基年

          bilateral monopoly :雙邊壟斷

          benefit : 收益

          black market : 黑市

          bliss point :極樂(lè)點(diǎn)

          boundary point :邊界點(diǎn)

          break even point :收支相抵點(diǎn)

          budget : 預(yù)算

          budget constraint :預(yù)算約束

          budget line :預(yù)算線

          budget set 預(yù)算集

         ? C

          capital : 資本

          capital stock :資本存量

          capital output ratio :資本產(chǎn)出比率

          capitalism :資本主義

          cardinal utility theory :基數(shù)效用論

          cartel :卡特爾

          ceteris puribus

         assumption :“其他條件不變”的假設(shè)

          ceteris puribus demand curve : 其他因素不變的需求曲線

          Chamberlin model :張伯倫模型

          change in demand : 需求變化

          change in quantity demanded : 需求量變化

          change in quantity supplied : 供給量變化

          change in supply : 供給變化

          choice : 選擇

          closed set :閉集

         Coase theorem :科斯定理

          Cobb—Douglas production function :柯布--道格拉斯生產(chǎn)函數(shù)

          cobweb model :蛛網(wǎng)模型

          collective bargaining :集體協(xié)議工資

          collusion :合謀

          command economy :指令經(jīng)濟(jì)

          commodity :商品

          commodity combination :商品組合

          commodity market :商品市場(chǎng)

          commodity space :商品空間

          common property :公用財(cái)產(chǎn)

          comparative static analysis :比較靜態(tài)分析

          compensated budget line :補(bǔ)償預(yù)算線

          compensated demand function :補(bǔ)償需求函數(shù)

          compensation principles :補(bǔ)償原則

          compensating variation in income :收入補(bǔ)償變量

          competition : 競(jìng)爭(zhēng)

          competitive market : 競(jìng)爭(zhēng)性市場(chǎng)

          complement goods : 互補(bǔ)品

          complete information :完全信息

          completeness :完備性

          condition for efficiency in exchange :交換的最優(yōu)條件

          condition for efficiency in production :生產(chǎn)的最優(yōu)條件

          concave :凹

          concave function :凹函數(shù)

          concave preference :凹偏好

          consistence :一致性

          constant cost industry :成本不變產(chǎn)業(yè)

          constant returns to scale :規(guī)模報(bào)酬不變

          constraints : 約束

          consumer : 消費(fèi)者

          consumer behavior :消費(fèi)者行為

          consumer choice :消費(fèi)者選擇

          consumer equilibrium :消費(fèi)者均衡

          consumer optimization :消費(fèi)者優(yōu)化

          consumer preference :消費(fèi)者偏好

          consumer surplus :消費(fèi)者剩余

          consumer theory :消費(fèi)者理論

          consumption :消費(fèi)

          consumption bundle :消費(fèi)束

          consumption combination :消費(fèi)組合

          consumption possibility curve :消費(fèi)可能曲線

          consumption possibility frontier :消費(fèi)可能性前沿

          consumption set :消費(fèi)集

          consumption space :消費(fèi)空間

          continuity :連續(xù)性

          continuous function :連續(xù)函數(shù)

          contract curve :契約曲線

          convex :凸

          convex function :凸函數(shù)

          convex preference :凸偏好

          convex set :凸集

          corporatlon :公司

          cost :成本

          cost benefit analysis :成本收益分

          cost function :成本函數(shù)

          cost minimization :成本極小化

          Cournot equilihrium :古諾均衡

          Cournot model :古諾模型

          Cross—price elasticity :交叉價(jià)格彈性

         ? D

          dead—weights loss :重負(fù)損失

          decreasing cost industry :成本遞減產(chǎn)業(yè)

          decreasing returns to scale :規(guī)模報(bào)酬遞減

          deduction :演繹法

          demand :需求

          demand curve :需求曲線

          demand elasticity :需求彈性

          demand function :需求函數(shù)

          demand price :需求價(jià)格

          demand schedule :需求表

          depreciation :折舊

          derivative :導(dǎo)數(shù)

          derive demand :派生需求

          difference equation :差分方程

          differential equation :微分方程

          differentiated good :差異商品

          differentiated oligoply :差異寡頭

          diminishing marginal substitution :邊際替代率遞減

          diminishing marginal return :收益遞減

          diminishing marginal utility :邊際效用遞減

          direct approach :直接法

          direct taxes :直接稅

          discounting :貼稅、折扣

          diseconomies of scale :規(guī)模不經(jīng)濟(jì)

          disequilibrium :非均衡

          distribution :分配

          division of labour :勞動(dòng)分工

          distribution theory of marginal productivity :邊際生產(chǎn)率分配論

          duoupoly :雙頭壟斷、雙寡

          duality :對(duì)偶

          durable goods :耐用品

          dynamic analysis :動(dòng)態(tài)分析

          dynamic models :動(dòng)態(tài)模型

         ? E

          Economic agents :經(jīng)濟(jì)行為者

          economic cost :經(jīng)濟(jì)成本

          economic efficiency :經(jīng)濟(jì)效率

          economic goods :經(jīng)濟(jì)物品

          economic man :經(jīng)濟(jì)人

          economic mode :經(jīng)濟(jì)模型

          economic profit :經(jīng)濟(jì)利潤(rùn)

          economic region of production :生產(chǎn)的經(jīng)濟(jì)區(qū)域

          economic regulation :經(jīng)濟(jì)調(diào)節(jié)

          economic rent :經(jīng)濟(jì)租金

          exchange :交換

          economics :經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)

          exchange efficiency :交換效率

          economy :經(jīng)濟(jì)

          exchange contract curve :交換契約曲線

          economy of scale :規(guī)模經(jīng)濟(jì)

          Edgeworth box diagram :埃奇沃思圖

          exclusion :排斥性、排他性

          Edgeworth contract curve :埃奇沃思契約線

          Edgeworth model :埃奇沃思模型

          efficiency :效率,效益

          efficiency parameter :效率參數(shù)

          elasticity :彈性

          elasticity of substitution :替代彈性

          endogenous variable :內(nèi)生變量

          endowment :稟賦

          endowment of resources :資源稟賦

          Engel curve :恩格爾曲線

          entrepreneur :企業(yè)家

          entrepreneurship :企業(yè)家才能

          entry barriers :進(jìn)入壁壘

          entry/exit decision :進(jìn)出決策

          envolope curve :包絡(luò)線

          equilibrium :均衡

          equilibrium condition :均衡條件

          equilibrium price :均衡價(jià)格

          equilibrium quantity :均衡產(chǎn)量

          eqity :公平

          equivalent variation in income :收入等價(jià)變量

          excess—capacity theorem :過(guò)度生產(chǎn)能力定理

          excess supply :過(guò)度供給

          exchange :交換

          exchange contract curve :交換契約曲線

          exclusion :排斥性、排他性

          exclusion principle :排他性原則

          existence :存在性

          existence of general equilibrium :總體均衡的存在性

          exogenous variables :外生變量

          expansion paths :擴(kuò)展徑

          expectation :期望

          expected utility :期望效用

          expected value :期望值

          expenditure :支出

          explicit cost :顯性成本

          external benefit :外部收益

          external cost :外部成本

          external economy :外部經(jīng)濟(jì)

          external diseconomy :外部不經(jīng)濟(jì)

          externalities :外部性

         ? F

          Factor :要素

          factor demand :要素需求

          factor market :要素市場(chǎng)

          factors of production :生產(chǎn)要素

          factor substitution :要素替代

          factor supply :要素供給

          fallacy of composition :合成謬誤

          final goods :最終產(chǎn)品

          firm :企業(yè)

          firms’demand curve for labor :企業(yè)勞動(dòng)需求曲線

          firm supply curve :企業(yè)供給曲線

          first-degree price discrimination :第一級(jí)價(jià)格歧視

          first—order condition :一階條件

          fixed costs :固定成本

          fixed input :固定投入

          fixed proportions production function :固定比例的生產(chǎn)函數(shù)

          flow :流量

          fluctuation :波動(dòng)

          for whom to produce :為誰(shuí)生產(chǎn)

          free entry :自由進(jìn)入

          free goods :自由品,免費(fèi)品

          free mobility of resources :資源自由流動(dòng)

          free rider :搭便車,免費(fèi)搭車

          function :函數(shù)

          future value :未來(lái)值

         ? G

          game theory :對(duì)策論、博弈論

          general equilibrium :總體均衡

          general goods :一般商品

          Giffen goods :吉芬晶 收入補(bǔ)償需求曲線

          Giffen"s Paradox :吉芬之謎

          Gini coefficient :吉尼系數(shù)

          goldenrule :黃金規(guī)則

          goods :貨物

          government failure :政府失敗

          government regulation :政府調(diào)控

          grand utility possibility curve :總效用可能曲線

          grand utility possibility frontier :總效用可能前沿

         ? H

          heterogeneous product :異質(zhì)產(chǎn)品

          Hicks—kaldor welfare criterion :?怂挂豢柖喔@麡(biāo)準(zhǔn)

          homogeneity :齊次性

          homogeneous demand function :齊次需求函數(shù)

          homogeneous product :同質(zhì)產(chǎn)品

          homogeneous production function :齊次生產(chǎn)函數(shù)

          horizontal summation :水平和

          household :家庭

          how to produce :如何生產(chǎn)

          human capital :人力資本

          hypothesis :假說(shuō)

         ? I

          identity :恒等式

          imperfect competion :不完全競(jìng)爭(zhēng)

          implicitcost :隱性成本

          income :收入

          income compensated demand curve :收入補(bǔ)償需求曲線

          income constraint :收入約束

          income consumption curve :收入消費(fèi)曲線

          income distribution :收入分配

          income effect :收入效應(yīng)

          income elasticity of demand :需求收入彈性

          increasing cost industry :成本遞增產(chǎn)業(yè)

          increasing returns to scale :規(guī)模報(bào)酬遞增

          inefficiency :缺乏效率

          index number :指數(shù)

          indifference :無(wú)差異

          indifference curve :無(wú)差異曲線

          indifference map :無(wú)差異族

          indifference relation :無(wú)差異關(guān)系

          indifference set :無(wú)差異集

          indirect approach :間接法

          individual analysis :個(gè)量分析

          individual demand curve :個(gè)人需求曲線

          individual demand function :個(gè)人需求函數(shù)

          induced variable :引致變量

          induction :歸納法

          industry :產(chǎn)業(yè)

          industry equilibrium :產(chǎn)業(yè)均衡

          industry supply curve :產(chǎn)業(yè)供給曲線

          inelastic :缺乏彈性的

          inferior goods :劣品

          inflection point :拐點(diǎn)

          information :信息

          information cost :信息成本

          initial condition :初始條件

          initial endowment :初始稟賦

          innovation :創(chuàng)新

          input :投入

          input—output :投入—產(chǎn)出

          institution :制度

          institutional economics :制度經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)

          insurance :保險(xiǎn)

          intercept :截距

          interest :利息

          interest rate :利息率

          intermediate goods :中間產(chǎn)品

          internatization of externalities :外部性內(nèi)部化

          invention :發(fā)明

          inverse demand function :逆需求函數(shù)

          investment :投資

          invisible hand :看不見(jiàn)的手

          isocost line :等成本線,

          isoprofit curve :等利潤(rùn)曲線

          isoquant curve :等產(chǎn)量曲線

          isoquant map :等產(chǎn)量族

         ? K

          kinded—demand curve :彎折的需求曲線

         ? L

          labour :勞動(dòng)

          labour demand :勞動(dòng)需求

          labour supply :勞動(dòng)供給

          labour theory of value :勞動(dòng)價(jià)值論

          labour unions :工會(huì)

          laissez faire :自由放任

          Lagrangian function :拉格朗日函數(shù)

          Lagrangian multiplier :拉格朗乘數(shù),

          land :土地

          law :法則

          law of demand and supply :供需法

          law of diminishing marginal utility :邊際效用遞減法則

          law of diminishing marginal rate of substitution :邊際替代率遞減法則

          law of diminishing marginal rate of technical substitution :邊際技術(shù)替代率

          law of increasing cost :成本遞增法則

          law of one price :單一價(jià)格法則

          leader—follower model :領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者--跟隨者模型

          least—cost combination of inputs :最低成本的投入組合

          leisure :閑暇

          Leontief production function :列昂節(jié)夫生產(chǎn)函數(shù)

          licenses :許可證

          linear demand function :線性需求函數(shù)

          linear homogeneity :線性齊次性

          linear homogeneous production function :線性齊次生產(chǎn)函數(shù)

          long run :長(zhǎng)期

          long run average cost :長(zhǎng)期平均成本

          long run equilibrium :長(zhǎng)期均衡

          long run industry supply curve :長(zhǎng)期產(chǎn)業(yè)供給曲線

          long run marginal cost :長(zhǎng)期邊際成本

          long run total cost :長(zhǎng)期總成本

          Lorenz curve :洛倫茲曲線

          loss minimization :損失極小化

          1ump sum tax :一次性征稅

          luxury :奢侈品

         ? M

          macroeconomics :宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)

          marginal :邊際的

          marginal benefit :邊際收益

          marginal cost :邊際成本

          marginal cost pricing :邊際成本定價(jià)

          marginal cost of factor :邊際要素成本

         marginal physical productivity :實(shí)際實(shí)物生產(chǎn)率

          marginal product :邊際產(chǎn)量

          marginal product of capital :資本的邊際產(chǎn)量

          marginal product of 1abour :勞動(dòng)的邊際產(chǎn)量

          marginal productivity :邊際生產(chǎn)率

          marginal rate of substitution :邊替代率

          marginal rate of transformation 邊際轉(zhuǎn)換率

          marginal returns :邊際回報(bào)

          marginal revenue :邊際收益

          marginal revenue product :邊際收益產(chǎn)品

          marginal revolution :邊際革命

          marginal social benefit :社會(huì)邊際收益

         marginal social cost :社會(huì)邊際成本

          marginal utility :邊際效用

          marginal value products :邊際價(jià)值產(chǎn)品

          market :市場(chǎng)

          market clearance :市場(chǎng)結(jié)清,市場(chǎng)洗清

          market demand :市場(chǎng)需求

          market economy :市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)

          market equilibrium :市場(chǎng)均衡

          market failure :市場(chǎng)失敗

          market mechanism :市場(chǎng)機(jī)制

          market structure :市場(chǎng)結(jié)構(gòu)

          market separation :市場(chǎng)分割

          market regulation :市場(chǎng)調(diào)節(jié)

          market share :市場(chǎng)份額

          markup pricing :加減定價(jià)法

          Marshallian demand function :馬歇爾需求函數(shù)

          maximization :極大化

          microeconomics :微觀經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)

          minimum wage :最低工資

          misallocation of resources :資源誤置

          mixed economy :混合經(jīng)濟(jì)

         model :模型

          money :貨幣

          monopolistic competition :壟斷競(jìng)爭(zhēng)

          monopolistic exploitation :壟斷剝削

          monopoly :壟斷,賣方壟斷

          monopoly equilibrium :壟斷均衡

          monopoly pricing :壟斷定價(jià)

          monopoly regulation :壟斷調(diào)控

          monopoly rents :壟斷租金

          monopsony :買方壟斷

         ? N

          Nash equilibrium :納什均衡

          Natural monopoly :自然壟斷

          Natural resources :自然資源

          Necessary condition :必要條件

          necessities :必需品

          net demand :凈需求

          nonconvex preference :非凸性偏好

          nonconvexity :非凸性

          nonexclusion :非排斥性

          nonlinear pricing :非線性定價(jià)

          nonrivalry :非對(duì)抗性

          nonprice competition :非價(jià)格競(jìng)爭(zhēng)

          nonsatiation :非飽和性

          non--zero—sum game :非零和對(duì)策

          normal goods :正常品

          normal profit :正常利潤(rùn)

          normative economics :規(guī)范經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)

         ? O

          objective function :目標(biāo)函數(shù)

          oligopoly :寡頭壟斷

          oligopoly market :寡頭市場(chǎng)

          oligopoly model :寡頭模型

          opportunity cost :機(jī)會(huì)成本

          optimal choice :最佳選擇

          optimal consumption bundle :消費(fèi)束

          perfect elasticity :完全有彈性

          optimal resource allocation :最佳資源配置

          optimal scale :最佳規(guī)模

          optimal solution :最優(yōu)解

          optimization :優(yōu)化

          ordering of optimization(social) preference :(社會(huì))偏好排序

          ordinal utility :序數(shù)效用

          ordinary goods :一般品

          output :產(chǎn)量、產(chǎn)出

          output elasticity :產(chǎn)出彈性

          output maximization 產(chǎn)出極大化

         ? P

          parameter :參數(shù)

          Pareto criterion :帕累托標(biāo)準(zhǔn)

          Pareto efficiency :帕累托效率

          Pareto improvement :帕累托改進(jìn)

          Pareto optimality :帕累托優(yōu)化

          Pareto set :帕累托集

          partial derivative :偏導(dǎo)數(shù)

          partial equilibrium :局部均衡

          patent :專利

          pay off matrix :收益矩陣、支付矩陣

          perceived demand curve :感覺(jué)到的需求曲線

          perfect competition :完全競(jìng)爭(zhēng)

          perfect complement :完全互補(bǔ)品

          perfect monopoly :完全壟斷

          perfect price discrimination :完全價(jià)格歧視

          perfect substitution :完全替代品

          perfect inelasticity :完全無(wú)彈性

          perfectly elastic :完全有彈性

          perfectly inelastic :完全無(wú)彈性

          plant size :工廠規(guī)模

          point elasticity :點(diǎn)彈性

         post Hoc Fallacy :后此謬誤

          prediction :預(yù)測(cè)

          preference :偏好

          preference relation :偏好關(guān)系

          present value :現(xiàn)值

          price :價(jià)格

          price adjustment model :價(jià)格調(diào)整模型

          price ceiling :最高限價(jià)

          price consumption curve :價(jià)格費(fèi)曲線

          price control :價(jià)格管制

          price difference :價(jià)格差別

          price discrimination :價(jià)格歧視

          price elasticity of demand :需求價(jià)格彈性

          price elasticity of supply :供給價(jià)格彈性

          price floor :最低限價(jià)

          price maker :價(jià)格制定者

          price rigidity :價(jià)格剛性

          price seeker :價(jià)格搜求者

         price taker :價(jià)格接受者

          price tax :從價(jià)稅

          private benefit :私人收益

          principal—agent issues :委托--代理問(wèn)題

          private cost :私人成本

          private goods :私人用品

          private property :私人財(cái)產(chǎn)

          producer equilibrium :生產(chǎn)者均衡

          producer theory :生產(chǎn)者理論

          product :產(chǎn)品

          product transformation curve :產(chǎn)品轉(zhuǎn)換曲線

          product differentiation :產(chǎn)品差異

          product group :產(chǎn)品集團(tuán)

          production :生產(chǎn)

          production contract curve :生產(chǎn)契約曲線

          production efficiency :生產(chǎn)效率

          production function :生產(chǎn)函數(shù)

          production possibility curve :生產(chǎn)可能性曲線

          productivity :生產(chǎn)率

          productivity of capital :資本生產(chǎn)率

          productivity of labor :勞動(dòng)生產(chǎn)率

         profit :利潤(rùn)

          profit function :利潤(rùn)函數(shù)

          profit maximization :利潤(rùn)極大化

          property rights :產(chǎn)權(quán)

          property rights economics :產(chǎn)權(quán)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)

          proposition :定理

          proportional demand curve :成比例的需求曲線

          public benefits :公共收益

          public choice :公共選擇

          public goods :公共商品

          pure competition :純粹競(jìng)爭(zhēng)

          rivalry :對(duì)抗性、競(jìng)爭(zhēng)

          pure exchange :純交換

          pure monopoly :純粹壟斷

         ? Q

          quantity—adjustment model :數(shù)量調(diào)整模型

          quantity tax :從量稅

          quasi—rent :準(zhǔn)租金

         ? R

          rate of product transformation :產(chǎn)品轉(zhuǎn)換率

          rationality :理性

          reaction function :反應(yīng)函數(shù)

          regulation :調(diào)節(jié),調(diào)控

          relative price 相對(duì)價(jià)格

          rent :租金

          rent control :規(guī)模報(bào)酬

          rent seeking :尋租

          rent seeking economics :尋租經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)

          resource :資源

          resource allocation :資源配置

          returns :報(bào)酬、回報(bào)

          returns to scale :規(guī)模報(bào)酬

          revealed preference :顯示性偏好

          revenue :收益

          revenue curve :收益曲線

          revenue function :收益函數(shù)

          revenue maximization :收益極大化

          ridge line :脊線

          risk :風(fēng)險(xiǎn)

         ? S

         satiation :飽和,滿足

          saving :儲(chǔ)蓄

          scarcity :稀缺性

          law of scarcity :稀缺法則

          second—degree price discrimination :二級(jí)價(jià)格歧視

          second derivative :--階導(dǎo)數(shù)

          second—order condition :二階條件

          service :勞務(wù)

          set :集

          shadow prices :影子價(jià)格

          short—run :短期

          short—run cost curve :短期成本曲線

          short—run equilibrium :短期均衡

          short—run supply curve :短期供給曲線

          shut down decision :關(guān)閉決策

          shortage 短缺

          shut down point :關(guān)閉點(diǎn)

          single price monopoly :單一定價(jià)壟斷

          slope :斜率

          social benefit :社會(huì)收益

          social cost :社會(huì)成本

          social indifference curve :社會(huì)無(wú)差異曲線

          social preference :社會(huì)偏好

          social security :社會(huì)保障

          social welfare function :社會(huì)福利函數(shù)

          socialism :社會(huì)主義

          solution :解

          space :空間

          stability :穩(wěn)定性

          stable equilibrium :穩(wěn)定的均衡

          Stackelberg model :斯塔克爾貝格模型

          static analysis :靜態(tài)分析

          stock :存量

          stock market :股票市場(chǎng)

          strategy :策略

          subsidy :津貼

          substitutes :替代品

          substitution effect :替代效應(yīng)

          substitution parameter :替代參數(shù)

          sufficient condition :充分條件

          supply :供給

          supply curve :供給曲線

          supply function :供給函數(shù)

          supply schedule :供給表

          Sweezy model :斯威齊模型

          symmetry :對(duì)稱性

          symmetry of information :信息對(duì)稱

         ? T

          tangency :相切

          taste :興致

          technical efficiency :技術(shù)效率

          technological constraints ;技術(shù)約束

          technological progress :技術(shù)進(jìn)步

          technology :技術(shù)

          third—degree price discrimination :第三級(jí)價(jià)格歧視

          total cost :總成本

          total effect :總效應(yīng)

          total expenditure :總支出

          total fixed cost :總固定成本

          total product :總產(chǎn)量

          total revenue :總收益

          total utility :總效用

          total variable cost :總可變成本

          traditional economy :傳統(tǒng)經(jīng)濟(jì)

          transitivity :傳遞性

          transaction cost :交易費(fèi)用

         ? U

         uncertainty :不確定性

          uniqueness :唯一性

          unit elasticity :單位彈性

          unstable equilibrium :不穩(wěn)定均衡

          utility :效用

          utility function :效用函數(shù)

          utility index :效用指數(shù)

          utility maximization :效用極大化

          utility possibility curve :效用可能性曲線

          utility possibility frontier :效用可能性前沿

         ? V

          value :價(jià)值

          value judge :價(jià)值判斷

          value of marginal product :邊際產(chǎn)量?jī)r(jià)值

          variable cost :可變成本

          variable input :可變投入

          variables :變量

          vector :向量

          visible hand :看得見(jiàn)的手

          vulgur economics :庸俗經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)

         ? W

          wage :工資

          wage rate :工資率

          Walras general equilibrium :瓦爾拉斯總體均衡

          Walras"s law :瓦爾拉斯法則

          Wants :需要

          Welfare criterion :福利標(biāo)準(zhǔn)

          Welfare economics :福利經(jīng)學(xué)

          Welfare loss triangle :福利損失三角形

          welfare maximization :福利極大化

         ? Z

          zero cost :零成本

          zero elasticity :零彈性

          zero homogeneity :零階齊次性

          zero economic profit :零利潤(rùn)

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