法律常用術(shù)語 【（一）、法令】

　 rule 條例

　 law 法律

　 criminal law 刑法

　 interpret 解釋（法律）

　 the legislature 立法機(jī)構(gòu)

　 the legal system/ the judicial system/ court system 法律體系 【(二)、主體】

　 the judge 法官

　 the lawyer 律師（總稱）

　 the jury 陪審團(tuán)

　the juror 陪審團(tuán)成員

　 the prosecutor（刑事案件）原告人；檢察官，公訴人；

　 the plaintiff (民事案件) 原告人

　the injured party/victim

　被害人

　 witness/eyewitness 見證人，目擊者

　 the prosecution 原告及其代理律師；代表原告的律師

　 the accused/defendant 被告人

　the defense lawyer/counselor 被告辯護(hù)律師 【（三）、違法】

　【案件種類】

　 case 案件

　 crime - criminal adj.

　 a criminal case 刑事案件

　a civil case

　民事案件 【行為/罪名--criminal behavior】

　 guilt n. [Antonym] innocence guilty adj. [Antonym]innocent

　guilty of a crime/charge

　innocent of a crime/charge

　commit a crime violate a criminal law

　 murder 謀殺罪 first-degree murder (deliberately)一級謀殺罪；故意殺人罪

　 manslaughter (not intentionally) 一般殺人罪；過失殺人罪

　 forgery 偽造罪 sexual harassment 性騷擾 malfeasance 瀆職罪

　 criminal: n. 罪犯 a convicted criminal ：one who has been judged guilty in a court of law a hardened criminal ：someone who has committed many crimes

　 stab v. 用刀具行兇，捅，刺 to kill or hurt someone by pushing a knife or other sharp object into their body stab someone to death 刺死

　flick knife /switch blade/knife 彈簧刀

　 mug v. =rob 搶劫 to attack someone in a public place and steal their money, jewellery, or other possessions 【（四）、程序】

　【逮捕】

　 arrest

　 pick up ：to arrest someone and take them away in a car 【調(diào)查】

　 investigation

　 conduct a criminal investigation into

　 criminal proceedings ：the process of examining a crime in a court of law

　 cross-examination 【訴訟】

　 find someone guilty/not guilty of something :officially decide that they are guilty/not guilty

　to be charged with/to be accused of

　to accuse sb. of certain crime

　charge v. to charge sb. with certain crime be charged with (doing) sth e.g. They are the jury for the trial of a boy charged with murdering his father.

　 prosecute -prosecution n. to prosecute sb. for sth. face prosecution over

　to bring a prosecution against sb. 對…提起訴訟 escape prosecution

　criminal charges ：official statements saying that sb is accused by the police of committing a crime

　 claim v. to say that someone’s actions are the cause of something 【法庭種類】

　 a criminal court

　刑事法庭,

　e.g. The scene is a jury room in a criminal court.

　a civil court 民事法庭

　children’s court 少年法庭

　 The Supreme Court 最高法院 【監(jiān)督】

　 supervise 監(jiān)督 【作證】

　 to testify v.作證 to make a statement about something you saw, know, or experienced, usually in a court of law testify for/against someone testimony 證詞

　 proof

　definite proof provide the proof

　present the proof

　evidence 證據(jù)，證物 to identify 鑒別

　flimsy adj. not very reliable flimsy evidence accurate adj. correct or true in every detail unshakable adj. 不可動搖的 self-contradiction 自相矛盾

　alibi n. 不在場的證據(jù) someone who has an alibi can prove that they were somewhere else when a crime was committed and so can claim to be not guilty 【庭審】

　 question v.

　 question/suspect sb’s motive

　【辯護(hù)】

　 to defend sb

　為…辯護(hù)

　 to refute 反駁--refutable adj.--refutation n. 【陪審團(tuán)討論】

　 the jury 陪審團(tuán)

　a grand jury 大陪審團(tuán)

　 the juror 陪審團(tuán)成員

　 the jury room 陪審室

　 discuss - discussion 討論

　 proposal 提議

　 vote 投票

　 abstain v. 棄權(quán)

　 vote for/in favor of/against

　 take a preliminary vote e.g. I think it’s customary to take a preliminary vote

　analyze 分析

　 assume v. 假定

　 ballot n. 無記名投票

　 to argue with 爭論

　 agreement 一致意見

　 disagreement 反對意見

　 a reasonable doubt

　to hang the jury: to make the jury unable to reach a unanimous decision

　declare a hung jury

　 reach a unanimous decision

　be deemed innocent/guilty 被認(rèn)為無罪/有罪

　 prove innocent/guilty 被證明無罪/有罪 【審判】

　 guilty/ not guilty(innocent)

　trial/ the jury trial 審判

　a fair trial

　 set free / acquitted 無罪釋放

　 admit v. agree that something is true 承認(rèn)

　 plead guilty to something : say that you are guilty e.g. He pleaded guilty to all charges. 【（五）、處罰--punishment】

　【場所】

　 reform school 感化院,

　 jail/ prison n.監(jiān)獄 【方式】

　 jail v. to put someone in jail to be in jail

　jail someone for something

　go/ be sent to jail

　to serve a jail term

　be executed

　the executioner

　to pull the switch

　to send sb. to the chair =send someone to the electric chair /to sentence sb. to be electrocuted 電刑 to sentence sb. to death give the sentence 施刑

　 get out of jail 【其他】

　 have the right to do 有權(quán) ? on behalf of 代表

　draft 法案，草案 Government bill 政府議案 to pass a bill, to carry a bill 通過議案 to enact a law, to promulgate a law 頒布法律 ratification, confirmation 批準(zhǔn) law enforcement 法律的實施

　to come into force 生效 decree 法令 clause 條款 minutes 備忘錄 report 判例匯編 codification 法律匯編 legislation 立法 legislator 立法者 jurist 法學(xué)家 jurisprudence 法學(xué) legitimation 合法化 legality, lawfulness 法制，合法 legal, lawful 合法的,依法的 to contravene a law, to infringe a law, to break a law 違法 outlaw, outside the law 超出法律范圍的 offender 罪犯 to abolish 廢止，取消 rescission, annulment 廢除，取消 repeal, revocation, annulment 廢除(法律) cancellation, annulment, invalidation 廢除(合同) cancellation (支票)作廢 annulment 撤消(遺囑)

　repeal rescission 撤消(判決) revocation 撤消 immunity 豁免，豁免權(quán) disability, legal incapacity 無資格 nonretroactive character 不溯既往性 prescription 剝奪公權(quán) attainder 公民權(quán)利的剝奪和財產(chǎn)的沒收 constitutional law 憲法 canon law 教會法規(guī) common law 習(xí)慣法 criminal law 刑法 administrative law 行政法 civil law 民法 commercial law, mercantile law 商法 law of nations 萬國公法，國際法 international law 國際法 natural law 自然法 labour laws 勞工法 fiscal law 財政法 Civil Suit Law, Code of civil law 民事訴訟法 Military Law 軍法 Conscript Law 兵役法

　Copyright Law 著作權(quán)法 penal code 刑法典 code of mercantile law 商法典 civil rights 民事權(quán)利，公民權(quán)利 right of asylum 避難權(quán) human rights, rights of man 人權(quán) (customs) duties 關(guān)稅 death duty, death tax 遺產(chǎn)稅 royalties 版稅

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