高考短文改錯專練
發(fā)布時(shí)間:2017-01-25 來源: 短文摘抄 點(diǎn)擊： 
高考短文改錯專練篇一：2016高考英語短文改錯專練(二)
2016高考英語短文改錯專練（二）
假定英語課上老師要求同桌之間交換修改作文，請你修改你同學(xué)寫的以下作文。文中共有10處語言錯誤，每句中最多有兩處。錯誤涉及一個單詞的增加、刪除或修改。
增加：在缺詞處加一個漏字符號（?）,并在其下面寫出該加的詞。
刪除：把多余的詞用斜線（\）劃掉。
修改：在錯的詞下劃一橫線，并在該詞下面寫出修改后的詞。
注意：1.每處錯誤及其修改均僅限一詞；
2．只允許修改10處，多者（從第11處起）不計(jì)分。
Passage 1
Last month, the 18th Foreign Language Speech Competition was successfully held in our boarding school. Luckily, the Students? Union organize an English Speech Competition. At first I didn?t show some interest and wasn?t very much confident. Then my English teacher Mr. Smith encouraged me. Inspiring by my teacher, I signed up for the competition and made fully preparations for it. Two weeks later the time I had been looking forward to coming and it was his turn. Glancing at my teacher?s smiling face, I built up my confidence. Much to my delight, the
result was announced and I was one of the winner. But my teacher?s encouragement, I couldn?t have won the first prize. I?m proud of Mr. Smith or the wonderful experience.
Passage 2
As is known to all, drunk driving in the road traffic safety is strictly prohibited. Unluckily, I saw a traffic accident on my way home on last night. A car hit a motorbike. The motorbike driver was bad hurt and sent to hospital. After a while, the traffic police came. Under the help of the people who witnessed the accident, the police found out a truth. The driver of the car was drinking and his car went out of control. At last he was taken to the police station. All the people there think the car driver was to blame for this accident.
Which is reported in the news reports, drunk driving should be treated more seriously. It often causes many people lose their lives, such as the accident that happened in Hangzhou and Chengdu. It is high time that we prevent drunk driving.
Passage 3
Dear Sir/Madam,
I write this letter to you to draw your attention to my complaint about your service. A few days ago, I joined a three-days trip to E-mei Mountain in your travel agency. I found a little differences between your advertisement
and action. As you say, you will provide a large air-conditioned bus, but we only rode in a shabby bus with any air conditioner. Yes, you served us lunch, and the food tasted terribly and some even with sand. We didn?t enjoy any kind of shower. In fact, we only bathe in cold water. As for sightseeing, the guide took us to several expensive souvenir shops, what wasted us much time. As the result, two scenery spots were finally left unseen. We do hope something can done to prevent such things happen again.
Passage 4
As we all know, playing is one of man's itself characteristics. Not all people like to work and everyone likes to play. All over the world men and woman, boys and girls enjoy sports. Since many years ago, many adults and children have call their friends together to spend hours, even days play games. One of reasons why people like to play is that sports help them to move happily. In other words, they help to keep people strong and health. If people are playing games, they move a lot of. Having fun with their friends make them happy. Many people enjoy sports by watch others play. So that is why sports are good activities for people?s health.
Passage 5
Last Sunday I went shopping with my father. We have a lot of things to buy. We drove to the center of the city and stopped our car in the front of the shop. An hour late, we came back to the car. But it was strange that we couldn?t open the door. So we asked the policeman for help. It was glad to help us. A few minute later, he got the door open. Just then a man came up and shouted angrily. ?How are you doing with my car?? We were surprising and went to see the number of the car. What you think we did then? We had to speak sorry to the man again and again.
Passage 6
Yesterday, it was just on the point of big shopping this season. Li Mei goes to a store to return a shirt without
carrying the receipt(收據(jù)）.When she got there，she refused. The salesman said that he wouldn?t take it back if she showed him the receipt. Thinking it was no way out，Li Mei put the shirt back in her bag and left. Suddenly two shop guard stopped her and began to search for her. They found the shirt in the bag and looked at it careful. Many eyes were staring at her, what made Li Mei very embarrassing. Luckily, a salesman came up in time and she was allowed to go.
Passage 7
Changes create happiness. Fortunately, great changes have been taken place in my village．Ten years ago, the
small and low houses, which lie on the north of the lake, produced much waste．As the result, the lake was serious polluted．To the west was a sandy field, that was the source of dust．Better still, a brickyard on the southwest side
of the lake used up a great deal good soil．Now poor house have been replaced by green trees and the brickyard by tall buildings．The sandy field that the villagers used to ploughing has been covered with fruit trees．On the lake the villagers often spend his spare time boating and fishing．
2016高考英語短文改錯專練（二）答案與解析
Passage 1
本文是一篇勵志小故事。講述了作者(一位中學(xué)生)參加了本校一年一度的英語口語演講比賽。當(dāng)初，作者由于缺乏興趣和自信而不敢參加，因受自己的英語老師的開導(dǎo)和激勵，便報(bào)了名，但經(jīng)過自己的一番努力后，最終以第一名的好成績贏得了這場比賽。
1.organize→organized。考查動詞時(shí)態(tài)的用法。句子Last month, the 18th Foreign Language Speech Competition was successfully held in our boarding school. Luckily, the Students? Union organize an English Speech
Competition中的謂語動詞organize，其動作時(shí)間應(yīng)與作者參賽的時(shí)間取得一致，故用一般過去時(shí)。
2.some→any �？疾橥x詞辨析。句子At first I didn?t show some interest and wasn?t very …中的形容詞some，通常用于肯定句或表示請求的疑問句之中。但在否定句，疑問句或條件狀語從句中常用any來替換。
3. 去掉much。考查副詞固定習(xí)語的用法。句中…and wasn?t very much confident中的much與very連用，通常修飾動詞。但其后緊跟形容詞confident，故much多余。
4.Inspiring→Inspired�？疾檫^去分詞短語作狀語的用法。句中Inspiring by my teacher, I signed up for the competition…中的Inspiring，與句子主語I是邏輯上的動賓關(guān)系，應(yīng)用過去分詞，且有by短語提示，二者合起來作狀語，表示原因，相當(dāng)于原因狀語從句。
5.fully→full�？疾楦痹~的誤用。句中…and made fully preparations for it中的fully是副詞，作狀語，通常修飾動詞。但其后緊跟名詞preparations，應(yīng)為形容詞作定語。
6.coming→came�？疾榫渥咏Y(jié)構(gòu)的甄別。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)分析：本句是由并列連詞and連接的并列句，前一分句Two weeks later the time I had been looking forward to coming and it was…中的the time是主語，I had been looking forward to是省略了引導(dǎo)詞that的限制性定語從句，修飾先行詞the time，該分句中缺少謂語動詞。但是，又受and的制約，證明又由其連接了一個使用一般過去時(shí)的后一分句，此時(shí)句中coming不能單獨(dú)作謂語，只能改為came時(shí)，句子結(jié)構(gòu)才能成立。
7.his→my�？疾檫壿嬯P(guān)系。文章是以第一人稱敘述了作者的所有境況。所以，此處應(yīng)用my來表示所屬關(guān)系。
8.winner→winners�？疾槊~數(shù)別的判斷。句子I was one of the winner表述中可以看出，one of后跟名詞，須用其復(fù)數(shù)形式。
9.But→Without。考查邏輯關(guān)系。文章最后表明了作者對老師的感激之情，便使用了Without…, … couldn?t have done ….句式結(jié)構(gòu)。所以，此處的without介詞短語表示條件。
10.or→and�？疾檫壿嬯P(guān)系。最后作者以擁有這樣的老師和本次難得的比賽經(jīng)歷而表示自豪。所以，此處的Mr. Smith 和 the wonderful experience without是并列關(guān)系。
Passage 2
本文是一篇夾敘夾議文。講述了作者昨天晚上回家時(shí)所看到的一起醉駕行駛的小轎車撞上了一輛電動自行車的交通事故。傷情嚴(yán)重，在好心人的幫助下，傷者很快被送到了醫(yī)院進(jìn)行搶救。于是，現(xiàn)場的目擊證人強(qiáng)烈譴責(zé)醉駕司機(jī)，要求其對本次事故負(fù)全責(zé)。作者又通過發(fā)生在杭州和成都的兩地多起交通事故來強(qiáng)烈呼吁：抵制醉駕，珍惜生命。
1. 去掉last前面on。考查名詞短語的習(xí)慣用法。句子…way home on last night中 的介詞on 應(yīng)該用在表示具體的某一日或某一天的早晨、下午或者晚上，但在last night名詞習(xí)語中， 介詞on是多余的。
2.bad→badly�？疾樾稳菰~的誤用。句子…driver was bad hurt中 的形容詞bad 應(yīng)該用在名詞前作定語，但是，此處是在動詞hurt前，須用副詞，作狀語，即表示：傷者的被傷害的程度。
3.Under→With�？疾楣潭�(xí)語的用法。句子Under the help of the people who…中的固定搭配with one?s help或with the help of somebody，表示 “在某人幫助下”，其介詞為with。
4.a→the�？疾楣谠~的基本用法。句子…police found out a truth中的冠詞，應(yīng)表示 “這次交通事故的真實(shí)情況”，表示特指，須用定冠詞the。
5.drin
6.think→thought�？疾閯釉~時(shí)態(tài)的辨別。句子All the people there think the car driver was to blame…主句中的謂語動詞think應(yīng)與從句中的謂語動詞保持時(shí)間上的一致，須用一般過去時(shí)。
7.Which→As�？疾槎ㄕZ從句引導(dǎo)詞的辨析。句子Which is reported in the news reports, drunk driving causes many people…中的Which is reported in the news reports是定語從句中的從句，drunk driving causes many people…是主句，本定語從句中能夠代替一個句子內(nèi)容的引導(dǎo)詞，只有as。
8. lose前加to。考查固定搭配的用法。句子… driving causes many people lose their lives…中的固定搭配cause somebody to do something，表示 “導(dǎo)致/引發(fā)/引起……”意義時(shí)，其后跟帶to的動詞不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語。
9.accident→accidents�？疾槊~數(shù)別的判斷。句子… such as the accident that happened in Hangzhou and Chengdu表述中的accident須用復(fù)數(shù)形式,應(yīng)與that引導(dǎo)的定語從句中出現(xiàn)的in Hangzhou and Chengdu語意相吻合。
10.prevent→prevented或加should。考查虛擬語氣的用法。句子It is high time that we prevent drunk driving表述中的that從句里的謂語動詞須用“動詞過去式或should+動詞原形”來構(gòu)成虛擬語氣。句式結(jié)構(gòu)為It is high time that… 剛好（恰好）到了…時(shí)候了。
Passage 3
本篇是一封游客對旅行社失信服務(wù)的投訴信。信中講到：作者參報(bào)了一個為期三天去峨眉山旅游的旅行社，當(dāng)游客到了目的地后，竟然發(fā)現(xiàn)，旅行社的廣告宣傳與游覽景點(diǎn)和游區(qū)服務(wù)質(zhì)量相差懸殊，所有承諾均未兌現(xiàn)，胡亂頂用，最后造成重點(diǎn)景點(diǎn)遺漏，憾事連連。作者強(qiáng)烈要求有關(guān)部門采取相應(yīng)措施，制止類似事件的再次發(fā)生。
1.three-days→three-day。考查復(fù)合形容詞的用法。文中… joined a three-days trip to E-mei Mountain…里的three-days是復(fù)合形容詞，其由“基數(shù)詞+連字符+名詞單數(shù)”來構(gòu)成，作定語，修飾名詞trip。
2.little→few �？疾橥x詞的辨析。文中…found a little differences between…里的differences是可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式，故其前few作定語，起限定作用。而little則與不可數(shù)名詞的單數(shù)形式連用。
3.with→without/any→no�？疾檫壿嬯P(guān)系。文中已經(jīng)講明了游客坐的是沒有裝空調(diào)的車子，并且車況很差。所以，此處應(yīng)用否定意義的詞來表述。
4.and→but�？疾檫壿嬯P(guān)系。作者反映盡管旅行社在午飯時(shí)提供了飯菜，但是質(zhì)量很差，而且還有沙粒。所以，此處語義應(yīng)為轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。
5.terribly→terrible�？疾楦痹~的誤用。句子…the food tasted terribly中的terribly是副詞，作狀語。而此處應(yīng)用其形容詞terrible，置于系動詞tasted后作表語，才符合詞法要求 。
6.bathe→bathed�？疾閯釉~時(shí)態(tài)的辨別。句子In fact, we only bathe in cold water中的謂語動詞bathe應(yīng)與全文背景時(shí)間保持一致，須用一般過去時(shí)。
7.what→which�？疾榉窍拗菩远ㄕZ從句的用法。從句子結(jié)構(gòu)來看，句子…the guide took us to several expensive souvenir shops, what wasted us much time句中的souvenir shops，其后跟了一個非限制性定語從句來起補(bǔ)充或說明作用，因先行詞指物，應(yīng)用關(guān)系代詞which來引導(dǎo)。而what則與定語從句無關(guān)。
8.the→a�？疾楣潭�(xí)語的用法。句子As the result, two scenery spots were finally left unseen中的固定搭配
高考短文改錯專練篇二：高考英語單句短文改錯專項(xiàng)練習(xí)100句
高考英語單句短文改錯專項(xiàng)練習(xí)100句
一．單句改錯.（下列句子各有一處錯誤，請改正）
1.Now people get a lot of informations from TV.
2.German is a European country.
3.They didn’t want me to do any work at family.
4.Yesterday I met an old friend of my father.
5.Boys and girls, don’t lose hearts. Do better next time.
6.They are of different size.
7.It is so beautiful place that you must visit it.
8.What a terrible weather we have been having!
9.It took place in France, an European country.
10.Suddenly I caught a sight of my English teacher in the crowd.
11.What good time we had last night!
12.We shall spend three-day holiday together.
13.I came to understand that was not easy to earn money.
14.Some parents think useless for girls to go to school.
15 When he bought a chocolate cake, he put them in a secret place.
16.One day I wrote a little story and showed to my teacher.
17.It’s important that we should think over before doing anything.
18.The truck was moving so fast that the driver couldn’t control.
19.I apologized and controlled me at my best till the dinner started.
20.We must take part in the social practice to prepare us well for our future.
21.The teacher did not punish for cheating but instead gave me a second chance.
22. Hey did not like his car, that ran badly and often broke down.
23. There was a five-pound note in the pocket of the trousers I had told her to wash it.
24.People can hardly do some fishing there.
25.I visited a place where is surrounded by mountains.
26.I am sure you will find one you like it.
27.It was yesterday when he broke the window.
28.He had lost his glasses without them he couldn’t see.
29.Oliver Twist, the hero of the story, he was an orphan.
30.It starts with choosing a tree from neither a farm or a store.
31.She never has enough time for that she wants to do.
32.I find what I have one shortcoming in my character.
33.What necessary it is that we get rid of the bad habits .
34.It didn’t matter that I would win or not.
35.People in the US drink more coffee than people in any country.
36.The development will bring us much more hopes and chances.
37.The Olympics are held each four years.
38.A summer, Fane traveled abroad.
39.I hope you think about my request as soon as possibly.
40.I know you are particular interested in Human Rights.
41.As there is no air or water, there can be no life , too.
42.There were too many nice things that I didn’t know what to choose.
43.He decides to travel a lot and visit such many new places as possible.
44.I couldn’t see as clear as before.
45.The water in it is so dirty that it smells terribly.
46.I appreciate your help very well.
47.You always gave me specially attention and inspired me.
48.It was until midnight that it stopped raining.
49.People both at home and abroad have been great helped by the new computer.
50.He has to work if he wants to live comfortable.
51.She is a brave and honesty girl.
52.It is much easy to make plans than to carry them out.
53.It is convenient for me to prepare for the exam than before.
54.He gave me an order worthy 15 million dollars.
55.The tree was put into a Christmas stand that holds the tree up straightly.
56.Is teaching kids English as interested as you expected in college?
57.We had guests last night who had not stayed in it ago.
58.We are all very much active and the activities are enjoyable.
59.If you won’t want to take a taxi, you can go by bus.
60.Our city is a modern city. It set up in the early 1980s.
61.Bad habits not come suddenly.
62.I have caught a bad cold for a week and I can’t get rid of it.
63.Following the road and you will find the store.
64.I rush over without delay, jumped into the water and swam towards him.
65.You must do everything you can help them.
66.When a rabbit see something dangerous, it runs away.
67.Its tail, which is white, moving up and down as it runs.
68.Think perhaps I was too tired, I stood up and was going to sleep.
69.I was often tired and watch TV demands little effort.
70.The little girl hurried home with the remained money.
71.His young patient was soon able to get up and ran about again.
72.It was kind of them to meet me at the station and drove me to their home.
73.She liked it very much and reads it to the class.
74.There were over 1000 students attend it.
75.Is it likely to be any food at the party on Saturday?
76.Please excuse us for not able to say goodbye to you.
77.He spends hours on the telephone, talks to his friends.
78.Filling with many people, the room is crowded.
79.At the interview there are many people who wait to interviewed for jobs.
80.It will cost a rocket a hundred thousand years to reach it.
81.There used to have a church in front of the school.
82.Hope you great success in your work!
83.All you can do is encouraging him,show him understanding and offer him advice.
84.In Friday afternoon, some students took part in a speech activity.
85.In a few weeks the story was returned to her.
86.It was very fine when I got up early on last Sunday morning.
87.I rushed out the house as quickly as I could.
88.It is necessary to decide what is worth taking notice.
89.I had difficulty in grammar after I entered into the school.
90.She could hardly afford for the medical care.
91.But we don’t seem to have much time to talk about together.
92.He was punished because what he had done.
93.The ice isn’t thick enough for us to skate.
94.I gave you my luggage at a quarter of an hour ago.
95.I am writing to thank you with your kind help.
96.He means to come no earlier as that time.
97.We must return back to school this afternoon
98.Child as he is, but he knows a lot.
99.Having been ill for a long time,so she fell behind her classmates. 100.Thinking he happened to have no work to do,and he came back home.
Answers:
1-5informations-information;German-Germany;family-home;
father-father’s; hearts-heart;
6-10 size-sizes; a place; 刪除a; an-a; 刪除a
11-15 a good time; a three-day; that后加it; think后加it; them-it;16-20 showed后加it; think后加it; control后加it; me-myself; us-ourselves;
21-25 punish后加me; that-which; 刪除it; some-any; where-which; 26-30刪除it; when-that; them-which; 刪除he; neither-either; 31-35 that-what; what-that; What-How; that-whether; any后加other; 36-40 much-many; each-every; A-One; possibly-possible; particular-particularly;
41-45 too-either;too-so; such-as; clear-clearly; terribly-terrible; 46-50 well-much; specially-special; was后加not; great-greatly; comfortable-comfortably;
51-55 honesty-honest;easy-easier;is后加more;worthy-worth; straightly-straight;
56-60 interested-interesting; ago-before; 刪除much; won’t-don’t; It后加was;
61-65 habits后加do; caught-had Following-Follow; rush-rushed; can后加to;
66-70 see-sees; moving-moves; think-Thinking; watch-watching; remained-remaining;
71-75 ran-run; drove-drive; reads-read; attend-attending; it-there; 76-80 not后加being;talks-talking;Filling-Filled; to后加be;cost-take; 81-85 have-be; Hope-Wish; encouraging-encourage; In-On; In-After; 86-90 刪除on; out后加of notice后加of; 刪除into; 刪除for
91-95 刪除about; because后加of; skate后加on; 刪除at; with-for; 96-100 as-than; 刪除back; 刪除but; 刪除so; 刪除and;
高考短文改錯專練篇三：2017屆高三短文改錯提分專練
2017屆高三短文改錯提分專練
結(jié)合新課標(biāo)1對短文改錯考察難度，考察語法點(diǎn)，精講細(xì)練。
精選山東省各地市、名校高考模擬題，高質(zhì)量、高起點(diǎn)、高成效提高英語短文改錯做題能力。
【2016高考真題感悟】真題定方向
（2016·課標(biāo)1）
第四部分 寫作 (共兩節(jié) 滿分 35分)
第一節(jié) 短文改錯 (共10小題：每小題1分，滿分10 分)
命題分析：本部分考查考生在理解短文的基礎(chǔ)上發(fā)現(xiàn)并糾正包括詞法、句法、行文邏輯等類型錯誤的能力。考查考生依據(jù)上下文正確使用動詞、連詞、形容詞與副詞、名詞、代詞、介詞、冠詞等項(xiàng)目的能力。
假定英語課上老師要求同桌之間交換修改作文，請你修改你同桌寫的以下作文。文中共有10處語言錯誤，每句中最多有兩處。每處錯誤僅涉及一個單詞的增加、刪除或修改。
增加：在缺詞處加一個漏字符號 ()，并在其下面寫出該加的詞。
刪除：把多余的詞用斜線 ()劃掉。
修改：在錯的詞下劃一橫線，并在該詞下面寫出修改后的詞。
注意：1. 每處錯誤及其修改均僅限一詞；
2. 只允許修改10處，多者 (從第11處起)不計(jì)分。
My uncle is the owner of a restaurant close to that(where)I live. Though not very big, but(刪除)the restaurant is popular in our area. It is always crowded with customers at meal times. Some people even had（have）to wait outside. My uncle tells me that the key to his success is honest(honesty). Every day he makes sure that fresh vegetables or(and)high quality oil are using(used)for cooking. My uncle says that he never dreams(加of) becoming rich in the(a)short period of time. Instead, he hopes that our(his)business will grow steady(steadily).
短文分析：文章以第一人稱視角講述了叔叔的餐館很受歡迎，每天門庭若市。叔叔成功的秘訣就是誠信經(jīng)營，使用高品質(zhì)食材，穩(wěn)健發(fā)展，從不幻想一夜暴富。作者用叔叔成功的例子，呼喚誠信經(jīng)營、腳踏實(shí)地。
試題分析：
第一處：考查賓語從句。從句缺地點(diǎn)狀語。
第二處：考查連詞。though與but不可連用。
第三處：考查時(shí)態(tài)。通過上句可知描述的是現(xiàn)在。
第四處：考查名詞。成功的秘訣是“誠信”，不應(yīng)是“誠信的”。
第五處：考查連詞。新鮮蔬菜和高品質(zhì)油都要使用，而非二者選擇其一。
第六處：考查語態(tài)。新鮮食材是被用來烹飪的。
第七處：考查短語中的介詞。dream of夢想。
第八處：考查冠詞。在一段很短的時(shí)間內(nèi)，而非特定的那段時(shí)間。
第九處：考查代詞。叔叔希望“他”的生意穩(wěn)中發(fā)展，而非“我們”的生意。
第十處：考查副詞。grow此處為不及物動詞，表示發(fā)展，后面應(yīng)加副詞作狀語。備考建議：短文改錯是整張卷得分率最低的題型。在備考時(shí)，應(yīng)循序漸進(jìn)，先扎實(shí)基本語言知識，然后從單句訓(xùn)練開始，從單一錯誤類型開始，逐漸過渡到語篇。改錯屬于輸出，前提還是輸入，所以合適文本的精讀訓(xùn)練是必要的。語法的備考復(fù)習(xí)應(yīng)精析、勤練、常復(fù)現(xiàn)，貫穿始終并不難。
短文改錯，我把有錯的地方給大家圈一下，稍微題比較難的地方。to后面不能這這個that。這個地方去掉，因?yàn)樗且粋�主句，but去掉。這個地方，因?yàn)闀r(shí)態(tài)的關(guān)系，這個地方去掉。or這個地方要改，被使用，形容時(shí)間，注意人稱的代換，steady，后面應(yīng)該加ing形式。短文改錯總體跟大家評一下。語法填空和短文講的很快，因?yàn)榍懊嬷v的比較多。這
個難度整體來說難度為七分，因?yàn)橛行┬『⒘?xí)慣性把這個文章讀懂再做，不一定能讀懂，里面有一些是困難的。剛剛我看到這個句子比較長的，這句話相對來說比較難，偏難的。所以說有很多的東西，包括看不明白的。所以比較難的。
這個難度系數(shù)為6分，因?yàn)樽铍y的一些考察并沒有出來，固定搭配這些，考察的都是相對來說比較簡單的一些東西。。
【老司機(jī)經(jīng)驗(yàn)談】
短文改錯是有一定的規(guī)律可循的，縱觀近幾年的高考試題及我們平常的模擬考試，可以發(fā)現(xiàn)短文改錯主要有以下十大錯誤。
1. 形容詞與副詞的誤用。
如exciting與excited，hard與hardly，possible與possibly，here與there等，以及形容詞與副詞的比較級與最高級。
2. 名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)誤用。
如在several，many，various，different，a few，one of等之后，常用名詞的復(fù)數(shù)，在every與each之后常用單數(shù)。
3. 代詞的誤用。
如you與your，it’s與its，it與they或them，one與ones，賓格(如me)與反身代詞(如myself)等的誤用。
4. 介詞的誤用、缺少或多余。
常見的如in 與on，to與for，instead與instead of，because與because of等的誤用。
5. 時(shí)態(tài)的錯誤。
看一篇文章，要有一種大局觀，要上前下掛，看看上下文的時(shí)態(tài)是否一致。
6. 連詞的誤用。
如or與and的誤用，and與but的誤用，so與but的誤用，because或since與so連用，though與but連用等。
7. 第三人稱單數(shù)后的動詞形式。
8. 一些固定結(jié)構(gòu)的誤用。
如so...that被誤用作very...that，too...to被誤用very...to，as...as被誤作so...as等。
9. 定語從句中，which，that，when，where等混淆不清。
10. 一些常用詞，如what與how，except與besides，any與some以及它們的合成詞如any-thing與something，anywhere與somewhere等混淆不清。
【講解篇1】高分口訣，老司機(jī)高能
為了提高做短文改錯題的能力，除了要加強(qiáng)基礎(chǔ)知識的積累、提高語篇的整體理解能力之外，還應(yīng)該對其錯項(xiàng)設(shè)置的基本情況有所了解，以便做到目標(biāo)明確，有的放矢，從而提高解題的正確率。本文擬從語法和邏輯的角度，用口訣的形式，向同學(xué)們介紹高考英語短文改錯中最常見的幾類錯誤。
短文改錯口訣：
動詞形，名詞數(shù)；
注意形和副；
非謂動詞細(xì)辨別；
習(xí)慣用法要記��；
句子成分多分析；
邏輯錯誤須關(guān)注。
一、動詞形
主要包括兩類錯誤：動詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)錯誤，以及主、謂不一致的錯誤。例如：
My favourite sport is football. I was member of our school football team. （is）
Now my picture and prize is hanging in the library. （are）
上述兩例分別屬于時(shí)態(tài)錯誤和主、謂不一致錯誤。找出此類錯誤的關(guān)鍵是樹立牢固的時(shí)態(tài)概念，注意短文內(nèi)容發(fā)生或存在的時(shí)間，保持時(shí)間概念的一致性。
二、名詞數(shù)
指名詞單、復(fù)數(shù)形式的用法錯誤。常表現(xiàn)為將名詞復(fù)數(shù)寫成單數(shù)。例如：
…so that I’ll get good marks in all my subject. （subjects）
三、 區(qū)分形和副
及區(qū)分形容詞和副詞在句子中的作用和具體用法。這也是高考短文改錯的�？键c(diǎn)。例如：
I’m sure we’ll have a wonderfully time together. （wonderful）
Unfortunate, there are too many people in my family. （Unfortunately）
需要注意的是，形容詞多用來做定、表、補(bǔ)語等，而副詞只能在句子中作狀語，修飾動詞、形容詞、副詞或整個句子。第一例中的wonderful作定語修飾time，第二句的Unfortunately作狀語修飾整個句子。
四、非謂動詞細(xì)辨別
這是考查最多的錯誤形式之一。主要有分詞和動名詞類錯誤，也包括不定式類錯誤。例
如：
…in my spare time, but now I am interesting in football. （interested）
Play football not only makes us grow up tall and strong but also … （playing）
My parents love me… and will do all they can ∧ make sure… （to）
上述二、三例分別是動名詞作主語，和不定式作目的狀語。一般的，現(xiàn)在分詞有主動態(tài)和進(jìn)行時(shí)的含義，而過去分詞具有被動態(tài)和完成時(shí)的含義，不定式有將來時(shí)態(tài)的含義。
五、習(xí)慣用法要記住
主要考查習(xí)慣搭配方面的基礎(chǔ)知識。這也是歷年高考的�？键c(diǎn)，其錯誤表現(xiàn)形式主要有三種：多詞、少詞和搭配錯誤。例如：
It was very kind for them to meet me at the railway station and… （of）
We must keep in mind that we play for the team instead ∧ ourselves. （of）
六、句子成分多分析
不同的句子成分要用不同的詞類；不同的語景要選擇不同的詞語。這些都有待我們對句子結(jié)構(gòu)和句子成分作細(xì)致的分析，才能找出用詞不當(dāng)?shù)腻e誤。例如：
They ∧eager to know everything about China and… （were）
I live in Beijing, where is the capital of China. （which）
第一例漏掉了謂語動詞were，這是受寒于習(xí)慣的影響而導(dǎo)致的錯誤；第二例則是詞類與它在句子中的成分不相符，where是副詞，不能作主語。
七、邏輯錯誤須關(guān)注
與句子的上、下文不一致，甚至相矛盾，屬于邏輯性錯誤。如稱謂上的張冠李戴，人名、地名、時(shí)間、方位等方面的錯誤，常是這類錯誤的考查對象。例如：
The Smiths did his best to make me feel at home. （their）
First, let me tell you something more about myself. （去掉more）
… no way of setting the matter except by selling the set.Now someone at home reads instead. （everyone）
上述第一例中的主語是Smiths（史密斯夫婦倆），因此后面的his不合邏輯。第二例中的more在這兒表“再”的意思，才開始告訴別人，怎么能說“再告訴你一些事”？第三例講的是為了解決看電視時(shí)的爭端，“我們”把電視機(jī)賣了；晚上沒電視看了，所以與從前一樣，大家又都讀書了，所以該用 everyone。
除了上述錯誤類型外，�？嫉腻e誤形式還有：連詞but, and, or和so的用法錯誤（可以歸類為邏輯錯誤），以及冠詞的用法錯誤等。例如：
She was smiling but nodding at me. （and）
It looks as if my parents treat me as a visitor and a guest. （or）
We may be one family and live under a same roof. （the）
下面是2002年全國高考試題中的短文改錯題。這道題較全面地反映了本文的口訣。現(xiàn)在請你試著做一做，然后參閱題后的答案與簡析。
Last week my parents and I took a two-day trip to Emei
Mountain in Sichuan. As everyone knows，it’s famous 76. _____
Mountain with all kinds of plants and animals. The weather 77. _____
Was fine. It was about noon we arrived at the foot of 78. _____
the mountain，the three of them were very excited. As we 79. _____
climbed the mountain，we ed monkeys，visiting temples 80. _____
and told stories. On the way up I was busy taking picture 81._____
since the scenery was so beautiful. The time passes quickly. 82. _____
Evening came down. We spent the night in a hotel at the top 83. _____
of the mountain. The food was expensive and the service was 84. _____
good. I was so tired that I fell asleep at the moment my 85. _____
head touched the pillow.
答案與簡析：
76. famous前加上a.（名詞數(shù)）
77. 正確
78. we前面加when，引導(dǎo)一個時(shí)間狀語從句。（句子成分多分析）
79. them→us （邏輯錯誤須關(guān)注）
80. visiting→visited（非謂動詞細(xì)辨別）
81. picture→pictures（名詞數(shù)）
82. passes→passed（動詞形）
83. 去掉down（習(xí)慣用法要記�。�
84. and→but（but，and，or和so）
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