煙葉落黃過程中煙堿代謝規(guī)律及相關(guān)基因表達(dá)分析
發(fā)布時間:2019-08-25 來源: 短文摘抄 點擊:
摘 要:為探究煙草葉片落黃衰老過程中生物堿組分變化及代謝相關(guān)基因表達(dá)情況,以紅花大金元為材料,氣相色譜-質(zhì)譜聯(lián)用法測定中部煙葉生物堿含量,利用已有的煙草葉片衰老轉(zhuǎn)錄組數(shù)據(jù)(RNA-seq),分析葉片衰老成熟期煙堿代謝相關(guān)基因的表達(dá)水平,同時實時熒光定量PCR驗證基因表達(dá)。結(jié)果顯示,煙草進(jìn)入成熟衰老期,葉片中煙堿、去甲基煙堿、新煙草堿、麥斯明等生物堿含量逐漸升高,煙堿轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)蛋白基因JAT1、NUP1,煙堿轉(zhuǎn)化基因CYP82E2、CYP82E4,煙堿合成基因ADC1、ODC2、BBL2以及煙堿代謝調(diào)控基因COI1、JAZ1、MYC2、MYC3呈現(xiàn)上調(diào)表達(dá),而調(diào)控基因MTHFR1下調(diào)表達(dá)。差異表達(dá)基因協(xié)同調(diào)控?zé)焿A代謝過程,影響衰老葉片中的煙堿合成與積累。
關(guān)鍵詞:煙堿;轉(zhuǎn)錄組;煙堿代謝基因;實時熒光定量PCR
中圖分類號:S572.03 文章編號:1007-5119(2017)06-0091-07 DOI:10.13496/j.issn.1007-5119.2017.06.014
Abstract: In order to investigate the changes of alkaloid metabolism during tobacco leaf senescence, the contents of different alkaloids in the middle leaves of Honghuadajingyuan were analyzed after topping. Meanwhile the expression of genes related to nicotine metabolism was analyzed based on RNA-seq data and further verified by Real-time PCR. The results suggested that the contents of alkaloids, including nicotine, nornicotine, anatabine and myosmine, increased gradually during leaf senescence. Many nicotine metabolism related genes were up-regulated during senescence, including JAT1, MATE2 and NUP1 which control nicotine transportation; CYP82E2 and CYP82E4 that are involved in nicotine transformation; nicotine synthesis genes ADC1, ODC2 and BBL2; COI1, JAZ1, MYC3 and MYC4 that are implicated in regulating nicotine metabolism. One of the regulating genes of nicotine metabolism, MTHFR1, on the other hand, was shown to be down-regulated during tobacco leaf senescence. These genes might co-regulate the biosynthesis and accumulation of nicotine in tobacco leaves.
Keywords: nicotine; transcriptome; nicotine metabolic gene; real-time PCR
煙堿是重要的氮素化合物,其含量高低直接影響煙葉品質(zhì)及香味,培育適宜煙堿含量的煙草品種,提高煙葉質(zhì)量、降低卷煙制品對健康的危害一直是生產(chǎn)上追求的目標(biāo)[1];了解煙葉落黃過程中煙堿代謝規(guī)律及基因表達(dá)變化,對改良煙草品質(zhì)、指導(dǎo)煙草農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)具有重要意義[2]。
煙堿是生物堿中最主要成分,其干重占90%以上[3],煙堿合成部位為植物根部,利用維管組織運(yùn)輸至葉片中,儲存于植物葉片的液泡[4]。目前煙堿合成機(jī)制已基本闡明,包括吡咯環(huán)和吡啶環(huán)的形成、兩環(huán)的縮合。吡咯環(huán)和吡啶環(huán)合成較復(fù)雜,需經(jīng)歷多個酶促反應(yīng),如精氨酸脫羧酶(arginine decarboxylase, ADC)催化精氨酸形成腐胺[5],腐胺在腐胺-N-甲基轉(zhuǎn)移酶(putrescine N-methyltransferase, PMT)作用下形成N-甲基腐胺(N-methyltransferase)[6],N-甲基腐胺氧化酶(N-methyltransferase oxidase,MPO)氧化N-甲基腐胺形成4-甲氨基丁醚[7]等,而吡啶環(huán)生成需要喹啉酸合成酶(quinolinate synthase, QS)、喹啉酸磷酸核糖基轉(zhuǎn)移酶(quinolinic acid phosphoribosyltransferase, QPT)的參與[5,8],最終兩環(huán)在黃酮還原酶A622和小檗堿橋連酶BBL的作用下縮合形成煙堿[9-10],目前兩環(huán)縮合的機(jī)制仍未知,參與縮合的煙堿合成酶基因尚未被克隆。
煙葉成熟衰老過程中,煙堿發(fā)生去甲基化而轉(zhuǎn)化成降煙堿,其中CYP82E4v1是該過程的重要調(diào)控因子[11],進(jìn)一步研究證實CYP82E5v2、CYP82E2和CYP82E10也參與此反應(yīng)[12],不同的是CYP82E4v1在衰老組織中表達(dá)活躍,而CYP82E5v2主要在未衰老的組織中表達(dá)。衰老后期煙葉中的煙堿含量升高,其中JAT1、MATE和NUP1蛋白發(fā)揮重要轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)功能,JAT1、MATE主要位于液泡膜上,負(fù)責(zé)將胞質(zhì)內(nèi)煙堿轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)至液泡內(nèi),而NUP1定位于質(zhì)膜,主要運(yùn)輸胞質(zhì)外煙堿至胞內(nèi),此外NUP1具有很強(qiáng)的特異性,不能轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)新煙堿和降煙堿[13]。煙堿合成過程受植物激素調(diào)控,如茉莉酸、生長素、乙烯等[6],茉莉酸能夠激活煙堿合成基因的表達(dá),而生長素和乙烯是煙堿合成的負(fù)調(diào)控因子,抑制煙堿的合成;同時,COI1和JAZ1以及肌醇戊基磷酸分子組成的茉莉酸受體復(fù)合體能夠感知并應(yīng)答茉莉酸信號,改變煙堿合成基因的轉(zhuǎn)錄活性,影響煙堿合成[14];此外,轉(zhuǎn)錄因子ERF32、ORC1、bHLH1/2和MYC2等通過介導(dǎo)JA途徑也參與調(diào)控?zé)焿A代謝[15-17]。
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