不同施氮量和種植密度對(duì)烤煙上部煙葉質(zhì)量的影響?
發(fā)布時(shí)間:2019-08-25 來源: 短文摘抄 點(diǎn)擊:
摘 要:為研究烤煙生產(chǎn)適宜的施氮量和種植密度,在田間對(duì)煙苗團(tuán)棵期后實(shí)施減少10%施氮量和減小種植密度等處理。結(jié)果表明:適當(dāng)減少施肥量能有效降低上部煙葉厚度,使煙葉更容易分層落黃,能顯著提高煙葉的均價(jià)、上等煙比例和中上等煙比例,同時(shí)提高上部6片煙葉上等煙葉比例,內(nèi)在化學(xué)成分比例更加協(xié)調(diào),葉片結(jié)構(gòu)更加疏松;而降低大田種植密度后,上部煙葉厚度有所增加,雖然提高了上部煙葉質(zhì)量,但由于單位面積株數(shù)減少,導(dǎo)致產(chǎn)值降低,同時(shí)烤后煙葉煙堿含量有所升高,鉀含量降低,煙葉結(jié)構(gòu)稍密。當(dāng)?shù)貤l件下,以16 500株/hm2+減少10%施氮量的處理最佳。
關(guān)鍵詞:烤煙;施肥;密度
中圖分類號(hào):S572 文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼:A文章編號(hào):1006-060X(2018)01-0018-03
Effects of Different Nitrogen Application and Planting Density on the Quality of the Upper Tobacco Leaves of the Flue Cured Tobacco
XIANG Peng-hua,HUANG Yin-zhang,SHAN Xue-hua,F(xiàn)AN Cai-yin
Abstract:In order to study the suitable nitrogen application rate and planting density of flue-cured tobacco production, 10% nitrogen treatments and a reduction of planting density were carried out in the field after tobacco seedling resettling stage. The results show that the proper reduction of fertilization can effectively reduce the thickness of the upper tobacco leaves, significantly increase the average price of tobacco leaves and the proportion of upper and middle class cigarettes, while improving the upper 6 tobacco leaves of fine tobacco ratio, the intrinsic chemical composition of a more coordinated ratio, leaf structure became loose; the lower field planting density, thickness of upper leaves increased, while improving the quality of upper leaves, but the number per unit area is reduced, the output value will lead to decreased, while nicotine content in tobacco leaves increased, potassium content decreased, and leaves structure slightly dense. Under local conditions, the treatment of more than 16 500 strains/hm2 to reduce the amount of nitrogen by 10% is the best.
Key words:flue-cured tobacco; fertilization; density
施氮和種植密度是影響煙葉產(chǎn)量和質(zhì)量最重要的因素,上部煙葉占單株煙葉干重的40%左右[1-2]。在煙葉生產(chǎn)實(shí)際中,煙農(nóng)常過量施用氮肥來獲得較高的經(jīng)濟(jì)效益,然而,這會(huì)導(dǎo)致上部煙葉貪青晚熟,影響其成熟與采收[3-4]。研究不同施氮量和種植密度對(duì)烤煙上部煙葉質(zhì)量的影響,以確定烤煙生產(chǎn)適宜施氮量和種植密度,從而提高上部煙葉品質(zhì)。
1 材料與方法
1.1 試驗(yàn)材料
試驗(yàn)于2015年12月至2016年8月在湖南省衡陽市常寧市三角塘鎮(zhèn)石嶺村的試驗(yàn)田進(jìn)行。土壤為水稻土,前茬作物是水稻,基本理化性質(zhì)為:pH值為6.4,有機(jī)質(zhì)25.23 g/kg,全氮2.31 g/kg,堿解氮165.7
mg/kg,有效磷12.8 mg/kg,速效鉀135 mg/kg,緩效鉀135.61 mg/kg,肥力中等。供試品種為云煙87。
1.2 試驗(yàn)設(shè)計(jì)
CK:16 500株/hm2+常規(guī)施氮量(150 kg/hm2);
T1:16 500株/hm2+減少10%常規(guī)施氮量(135 kg/hm2);
T2:13 500株/hm2+常規(guī)施氮量(150 kg/hm2);T3:13 500株/hm2 +減少10%常規(guī)施氮量(135 kg/hm2)。
每個(gè)處理設(shè)置3次重復(fù),每個(gè)重復(fù)種煙100株,隨機(jī)區(qū)組排列。為保證煙苗的正常生長,控氮措施在煙苗團(tuán)棵后施行,上部煙葉采收方式為:當(dāng)?shù)?片煙葉處于成熟時(shí)一次性采收上部6片葉。從煙株頂端自上而下的6片葉,分別標(biāo)記為倒1~6葉,其中倒1~3片為頂葉,倒4~6片為上二棚葉。
1.3 測(cè)定項(xiàng)目與方法
(1)烤煙生育時(shí)期調(diào)查和記載。記錄移栽期、還苗期、伸根期、團(tuán)棵期、旺長期、現(xiàn)蕾期、打頂期、成熟期、采收始期與采收完畢期的時(shí)間周期。
相關(guān)熱詞搜索:烤煙 煙葉 密度 種植 質(zhì)量
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