高考短文改錯(cuò)難篇一：全國(guó)卷高考英語(yǔ)短文改錯(cuò)講解

全國(guó)卷高考英語(yǔ)短文改錯(cuò)

前言：全國(guó)卷高考英語(yǔ)短文改錯(cuò)考察考生的綜合語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用能力，涵蓋英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)言的各個(gè)層面。但是綜合分析歷年試題我們不難發(fā)現(xiàn)短文改錯(cuò)是有規(guī)律可循的，考察的常考考點(diǎn)是固定的。采取有針對(duì)性的練習(xí)，定會(huì)有提高。

考點(diǎn)解析：名詞

一、考點(diǎn)規(guī)律分析

短文改錯(cuò)的名詞考點(diǎn)主要涉及名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)問(wèn)題，即在該用復(fù)數(shù)的地方誤用其單數(shù)，或在該用單數(shù)的地方誤用其復(fù)數(shù)，關(guān)鍵是記住常用的不可數(shù)名詞和集體名詞以及復(fù)數(shù)形式表達(dá)不同意義的名詞（見(jiàn)核按鈕）

二、真題單句歸納

（1） We stopped to rest for a while and to drink some waters from a stream. （waters 改為water，因“水”為物質(zhì)名詞，不可數(shù)） （全國(guó)卷）

（2） We climb everywhere， not only in America. We have been to Europe many time. （time改為 times，many times 意為“許多次”） （全國(guó)卷）

（3） There are branch library in many villages. （library 改為 libraries，因其前的謂語(yǔ)are為復(fù)數(shù)） （全國(guó)卷）

（4） I hope that you two could come and visit us some times soon. （times 改為 time，some time 意為“某時(shí)”） （全國(guó)卷）

（5） Today I visited the Smiths — my first time visit to an American family. （去掉time，因first 已含有“次”的意思） （全國(guó)卷）

（6） They were eager to know everything about China and asked me lots of question. （question 改為 questions，因其前有表示復(fù)數(shù)意義的修飾語(yǔ) lots of） （全國(guó)卷）

（7） We study quite a few subject， such as maths， Chinese， English and physics. （subject 改為 subjects，因 a few 后應(yīng)接復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞） （全國(guó)卷）

（8） …and often watch football match on TV together. （match 改為 matches） （全國(guó)卷）

（9） Happy birthday， Peter， and many happy return of the day�。╮eturn改為 returns， many happy returns of the day！ 為祝賀生日的慣用表達(dá)） （北京春季卷）

（10） She said that she and my schoolmate all wished me success. （schoolmate 改為 schoolmates，因校友不只一個(gè)，另外根據(jù)其后的 all 也可推知） （全國(guó)卷）

（11） I used to love science class — all of them— biology， chemistry， geography， physics. （class 改為 classes，指其后提到的所有課程） （北京春季卷）

（12） They did not want me to do any work at family. （family 改為 home，因 at home 為固定短語(yǔ)） （全國(guó)卷）

（13） …so that I?ll get good marks in all my subject. （subject 改為 subjects，請(qǐng)注意前面的 all） （全國(guó)卷）

（14） On the way up I was busy taking picture since the scenery was so beautiful. （picture 改為 pictures，picture 作為可數(shù)名詞，其前應(yīng)有限定詞，或?yàn)閺?fù)數(shù)形式） （全國(guó)卷）

（15） No one worries much about the radio program young people listen to. （program 改為 programs，從句意上看，此處應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)） （北京春季卷）

（16） Their word were a great encouragement to me. （word 改為 words，注意其后的復(fù)數(shù)動(dòng)詞） （全國(guó)卷）

（17） You know， that was a dinner we had waited for several month.“（month 改為 months，因 several 后要用可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式） （江蘇卷）

（18） …but after class we become stranger atonce.（stranger改為strangers，由本行前面的we可知應(yīng)該用名詞復(fù)數(shù)） （全國(guó)卷）

（19） You can find all kinds of information in just a few minute on the Internet. （minute改為minutes，因?yàn)閍 few后面的名詞一定是復(fù)數(shù)） （廣西卷）

（20） Nowadays millions of people of all age take pleasure in a hobby…（age改為ages，因談到不止一個(gè)人的年齡，age用復(fù)數(shù)；of all ages指各個(gè)年齡階段的人 （浙江卷）

（21） She was doing her homeworks one Sunday morning when… （homeworks改為homework，因它是不可數(shù)名詞，沒(méi)有復(fù)數(shù)形式） （福建卷）

（22） Without enough knowledges，you can never teach well. （knowledges改為knowledge，因 knowledge是不可數(shù)名詞，沒(méi)有復(fù)數(shù)形式） （湖北卷）

(23)I stay here for one and a half hour and……(hour 改為hours )

(24)The second man pointed his glass and asked if the angel could cure his poor eyesight.(將glass改為

glasses.此處指的是眼鏡）

（25） Some of his friends go to see him every day ,who take him lots of good book and some fruit.(將book 改為books)

(26) I would like to stay there for a month, visiting place of interest…(把place 改為places)

(27)I had many wonderful experience ,but I also had a bad one .(吧 experience 改為experiences ,次處指經(jīng)歷）

三、模擬單句演練

（1） Women live longer than men in most country.

（2） The film is very interesting. I have seen it many time.

（3） It?s said that all the ticket have been sold out.

（4） The children spend a lot of times watching TV.

（5） I met a lot of interesting peoples on holiday.

（6） The flower in the park were all pleasing.

（7） As the day went by， she became less anxious.

（8） Computer are becoming more and more popular in the country.

（9） It?s one of the most interesting book that I?ve ever read.

（10） He made his first time visit to China when he was 18.

（11） Hearing the news， the woman burst into tear.

（12） He hasn?t lived here long， but he has a great many friend here.

（13） I was afraid she would have left for family when I got there.

（14） He?s getting married next month and decides to buy some furnitures.

（15） There?s a paper?s factory near our school.

「參考答案」

（1） country 改為 countries，因其前的most 意為“大多數(shù)”。

（2） time 改為 times，many times 意為“許多次”。

（3） ticket 改為 tickets，因它是可數(shù)名詞，且受 all the 的修飾。

（4） times 改為 time，因 time 表示“時(shí)間”時(shí)不可數(shù)。

（5） peoples 改為 people，因 people 表示“人們”，本身是復(fù)數(shù)，其后不能再加詞尾-s.（注：復(fù)數(shù)的peoples 表示不同的民族）

（6） flower 改為 flowers，因?yàn)槠浜蟮闹^語(yǔ)為復(fù)數(shù)。

（7） day 改為 days，句意為“隨著時(shí)間的推移，她變得不那么焦急了”，此處的 day 應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)。

（8） computer 改為 computers，根據(jù)句意和其后的謂語(yǔ) are，可知 computer 要用復(fù)數(shù)。

（9） book 改為 books，因 one of 后表示范圍的名詞要用復(fù)數(shù)。

（10） 去掉 time，his first visit 即為他第一次訪問(wèn)，其中已包含“次”的概念。

（11） tear 改為 tears，因 tear 為可數(shù)名詞，不要誤認(rèn)為它是不可數(shù)名詞。

（12） friend 改為 friends，因a great many 后要接復(fù)數(shù)名詞。

（13） family 改為 home，leave for home 意為“動(dòng)身回家”。

（14） furnitures 改為 furniutre，因它是不可數(shù)名詞。

（15） paper?s 改為 paper 名詞的所有格表示的是所屬關(guān)系，即所有權(quán)，而這里指的是造紙廠而不是“紙的廠"

從句及并列連詞

高考英語(yǔ)短文改錯(cuò)考點(diǎn)解析：從句

一、考點(diǎn)規(guī)律分析

短文改錯(cuò)對(duì)從句引導(dǎo)詞的考查主要涉及根據(jù)句意正確選用引導(dǎo)詞、引導(dǎo)詞的誤加與漏用、將不是從句的東西誤認(rèn)為是從句而誤加引導(dǎo)詞等。

二、真題單句歸納

（1） In the last five years that they?ve climbed churches， high buildings and television towers. （去掉 that，因此處的 in the last five years 為時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，其后無(wú)需用that） （全國(guó)卷）

（2） Charles said， “As soon I see a really tall building， I want to climb it.（I 前加 as，因?yàn)?as soon as 為引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞）（全國(guó)卷）

（3） Most people can quickly get help from a doctor or go to a hospital since they are ill. （since 改為 when / if / whenever.從句意上看此處用 since 講不通，改為 if / when / whenever 均可） （全國(guó)卷）

（4） However， there are still some countries there people have shorter lives. （there 改為 where，where 在此引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句） （全國(guó)卷）

（5） …in other places where you are limited to a certain number， of which some may be novels. （去掉 where，in other places 在此為地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)） （全國(guó)卷）

（6） …in other places you are limited to a certain number， of that some may be novels. （that 改為 which，因介詞后要用 which 來(lái)引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句） （全國(guó)卷）

（7） …and whether you pay the cost of sending a postcard， the librarian will write to you. （whether 改為 if，表示“如果”時(shí)，不能用 whether） （全國(guó)卷）

（8） I also enjoyed the evenings when we spent together. （去掉 when 或?qū)?when 改為 that，因這里的定語(yǔ)從句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞（spent）缺賓語(yǔ)，故只能用關(guān)系代詞 that或?qū)⑵涫÷裕?（全國(guó)卷）

（9） I live in Beijing， where is the capital of China. （where 改為 which，因此處要填關(guān)系代詞作主語(yǔ)） （全國(guó)卷）

（10） …but it didn?t matter that I would win or not. （that 改為 whether，whether 與 or not 搭配，表示“是否”） （全國(guó)卷）

（11） I felt so nervous as I shook like a leaf. （as 改為 that，so…that…為固定句式，其中的 that 引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句） （全國(guó)卷）

（12） In one class， I learned it rained. （it 前加why，why 在此表原因） （北京春季卷）

（13） For example， when he bought a chocolate cake， he put it in a secret place where I couldn?t find. （where 改為that / which，或去掉 where，I couldn?t find 為修飾 place 的定語(yǔ)從句，其前用關(guān)系代詞，也可省略） （北京春季卷）

（14） It was about noon we arrived at the foot of the mountain. （we 前加 when，時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句缺少連詞引導(dǎo)） （全國(guó)卷）

（15） Besides， I have few friends， I don?t know that they don?t like to talk with me. （that 改為 why，why 引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句，表示原因） （年全國(guó)卷）

（16） I have a good friend who?s name is Liu Mei. （who?s 改為 whose，因who?s=who is，不僅結(jié)構(gòu)錯(cuò)誤，而且意思也不通；whose 引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，表示“……的”） （福建卷）

（17） It has been five years when we graduated， but those memories are as sweet as ever before. （when 改為 since，It is / has been +時(shí)間段+since（謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是短暫性動(dòng)詞）是固定句型，意為“自……以來(lái)有多久了”） （年天津卷）

三、模擬單句演練

（1） He is the man his car was stolen.

（2） That?s the hotel which we were staying last summer.

（3） That?s the palace where we visited last summer.

（4） I suddenly woke up in mid-night. And it was a long time I got to sleep again.

（5） In the past few years when we?ve planted thousands of trees along the river.

（6） At the airport where all the baggage must be examined.

（7） He wrote me a letter and asked I was getting on.

（8） She stayed in France for 10 years. That?s she spoke French so well.

（9） It?s really a beautiful place， where everyone hopes to visit.

（10） It cost nothing. Anyone can get it unless he likes it.

「參考答案」

（1） his 改為 whose，whose 在此引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。

（2） which 改為 where，where引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句且在從句中用作狀語(yǔ)；此題還可在staying后加in.

（3） where 改為 which / that，也可去掉 where，因visit為及物動(dòng)詞，此處應(yīng)用關(guān)系代詞作其賓語(yǔ)（也可省略）。

（4）第二個(gè) I 前加 before，此句意為“過(guò)了好久我才又睡著”。

（5） 去掉 when，否則全句沒(méi)有主語(yǔ)。

（6） 去掉 where，否則全句沒(méi)有主語(yǔ)。

（7） asked 后加 how，否則句意不通。

（8） That?s 后加 why，否則句意不通。

（9） where 改為 which，which 在此引導(dǎo)非限定性定語(yǔ)從句，且在從句中用作賓語(yǔ)（用作 visit 的賓語(yǔ)）。

（10） unless 改為 if，否則句意不通。

高考英語(yǔ)短文改錯(cuò)考點(diǎn)類析：并列連詞

一、考點(diǎn)規(guī)律分析

短文改錯(cuò)對(duì)并列連詞的考查主要涉及and， but， or， so 等幾個(gè)表示并列、轉(zhuǎn)折、選擇、因果等關(guān)系的詞語(yǔ)。嚴(yán)格說(shuō)來(lái)，這類錯(cuò)誤主要屬于行文邏輯的錯(cuò)誤。

二、真題單句歸納

（1） We tried to fix it and there was nothing we could do. （and 改為 but，因此處語(yǔ)意轉(zhuǎn)折） （全國(guó)卷）

（2） I told Mother， Father， Sister， all my friends here w

hat a great time I had. （all 前加 and，表示并列關(guān)系） （全國(guó)卷）

（3） It is a very important exam but I can?t afford to fail it. （but 改為 and / so，此處表因果關(guān)系，并非轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系） （北京春季卷）

（4） She was smiling but nodding at me. （but 改為 and，因此處并無(wú)轉(zhuǎn)折之意） （全國(guó)卷）

（5） It looks as if my parents treat me as a visitor and a guest. （and 改為 or，a visitor 和 a guest 應(yīng)是選擇關(guān)系，意思是“好像我的父母親把我當(dāng)作一個(gè)來(lái)訪者或一個(gè)客人”）

（6） The food was expensive and the service was good. （and 改為 but，此處意義發(fā)生轉(zhuǎn)折） （全國(guó)卷）

（7） I?m the captain of our school team so with my fellow players we?ve won several games. （so 改為 and，表并列關(guān)系） （安徽春季卷）

（8） My grandma was the best cook in the world but could make the most delicious dishes.（but 改為and，此處表示并列，而不是轉(zhuǎn)折） （江蘇卷）

（9） So once you?ve started collecting seriously， you… （So 改為 But，因?yàn)榍昂笫寝D(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系） （年浙江卷）

（10） Clever as she is， but she works very hard. （去掉but，因前面已有引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句的連詞 as（=though 雖然），千萬(wàn)不要受漢語(yǔ)句式“雖然……但是……”的影響，而重復(fù)用連詞） （福建卷）

（11） I teach them， play with them， but watch them growing up.（but 改為and，因?yàn)?teach / play 與 watch 是并列關(guān)系，而不是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系） （湖北卷）

三、模擬單句演練

（1） Do you want a bath at once， and shall I have mine first？

（2） Are you going to clean your car before and after supper？

（3） Hurry up， and you?ll be late for school.

（4） She never said she was rich， and she was.

（5） Mr Smith worked very hard so without any success.

（6） Everyone asked me to go， but I went.

「參考答案」

（1） and 改為 or，or 在此表選擇。

（2） and 改為 or，or 在此表選擇。

（3） and 改為 or，or 在此表示“要不然”、“否則”。

（4） and 改為 but，but 在此表示轉(zhuǎn)折。句中的 she was 為 she was rich 之省略。

（5） so 改為 but，此處語(yǔ)意轉(zhuǎn)折。

（6） but 改為 so，so 在此表示因果關(guān)系

高考英語(yǔ)短文改錯(cuò)考點(diǎn)解析：非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞

一、考點(diǎn)規(guī)律分析

短文改錯(cuò)對(duì)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的考查主要涉及不定式符號(hào) to 的有無(wú)，介詞后該使用動(dòng)詞的什么形式（用動(dòng)名詞），并列結(jié)構(gòu)中幾個(gè)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是否一致，動(dòng)詞用作主語(yǔ)時(shí)用何種形式（可用動(dòng)名詞或不定式，但不能用動(dòng)詞原形）,-用---ing還是----ed分詞作狀語(yǔ)，定語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)

二、真題單句歸納

（1） David and I wanted go off to find help but Bill insisted on staying near the car. （wanted 后加 to，因?yàn)閣ant 后要接不定式） （全國(guó)卷）

（2） …rather than go into the forest and getting lost. （getting 改 get，因?yàn)?get 與其前的go 并列） （全國(guó)卷）

（3） David pointed to a path which he thought would probably leading to a village. （leading 改為 lead，因?yàn)槠淝坝兄鷦?dòng)詞 would） （全國(guó)卷）

高考短文改錯(cuò)難篇二：2015年高考最牛短文改錯(cuò)解題技巧思路

My dream school starts at 8:30 a.m. and ends at 3:30 p.m. They are three lessons in the morning and two in the afternoon .We didn’t need to do so many homework .Therefore , we have more time with after-school activities .For example , we can do reading for one and a half hour and play sports for one hour every day .

My dream school look like a big garden .There are all kinds

③ Without enough knowledges, you can never teach well.

① 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)與一般過(guò)去時(shí)錯(cuò)用；② and 前后動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)不一致;③ 主謂不一致; ④ 缺少動(dòng)詞,特別是be動(dòng)詞;

⑤ 第三人稱單數(shù)形式錯(cuò)用; ⑥ 主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)錯(cuò)用。 1）They did not want me to do any work at home; they want me to devote all my time to my studies.

2）As we climbed the mountain, we fed monkeys, visiting temples

and told stories.

3）There will an important game next month.

4）One evening she told me that something happened when her parents was out.

5）We had guests last night who have not stayed in a B&B hotel before.

6）Today，I got a letter that said I had been admitting to a college. 7）We hung a sign on the front door that was read: “We’re having dinner ...”

5. Both your aunt or I look forward to seeing you again.

這類錯(cuò)誤主要包括形容詞性物主代詞與名詞性物主代詞的誤用，關(guān)系代詞、連接代詞的誤用，代詞主格與代詞賓格的誤用，代詞單數(shù)與代詞復(fù)數(shù)的誤用，各個(gè)不定代詞之間的誤用，反身代詞與代詞賓格之間的誤用，代詞的指代錯(cuò)誤，定語(yǔ)從句中多用代詞等。 1. ... the men threw away most of his clothes to save themselves. 2. Everybody sleeps in tents, that is very exciting.

3. If he spends most of his time playing about in the way that he used to as a child，they will go hungry.

4. That night, we sat down to what they thought would be a pleasant, uninterrupted...

5. I just smiled to me and thought...

6.... your life in your country is quite different from me.

這類錯(cuò)誤多指漏掉介詞、多用介詞或介詞與其他詞語(yǔ)搭配的錯(cuò)誤。

固定搭配；及物動(dòng)詞后多介詞或副詞以及不及物動(dòng)詞后少介詞，英語(yǔ)中的一些固定句型與習(xí)慣搭配等。 1. My teacher advised me to keep my diary.

2. In my surprise, he did very well in his previous job. 3. I thought that was dull to watch a game…

1）不定式，動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)。

2）and 連接的不定式或動(dòng)名詞前后一致（尤其距離較遠(yuǎn)時(shí)），

3）介詞后用動(dòng)名詞ving形式作賓語(yǔ)。 4）某些動(dòng)詞后要求接動(dòng)名詞或不定式。

① Soon I began to enjoy talk to myself on paper as I was…. ② But his parents think go to college is more important than playing sports.

③ Children may not develop the habit of read and the ability to enjoy themselves.

④ I particularly enjoyed driving through the countryside with you and saw the changing colors of the leaves on the trees. ”， 處。(如動(dòng)詞、名詞等)，否則會(huì)改變句子的原意。

They did not want breakfast because that they were going out early ... He was looking for a glass the cupboard.4. 以保持句子原意不變?yōu)樵瓌t。

做“短文改錯(cuò)”題時(shí)，一般不應(yīng)改變句子原意。改錯(cuò)時(shí)，應(yīng)該針對(duì)短文中的用詞錯(cuò)誤、語(yǔ)法錯(cuò)誤、邏輯錯(cuò)誤加以改正，不應(yīng)更改作者的原意。做到換詞不改意，加詞不增意，去詞不減意。如有多種改法，應(yīng)以保持原意為條件，擇其佳者而從之。 But I have spent most my money, so I cannot…

That’s why Americans get uneasy when a listener is silence and shows no change of expression.

1. 左顧右盼查名詞�？忌鷳�(yīng)注意搜尋名詞之前及其本身出現(xiàn)的錯(cuò)誤，還要看該名詞前面是否缺限定詞、該用何種限定詞，尤其要查名詞前冠詞的使用情況。當(dāng)名詞前面有形容詞修飾時(shí)更要加倍注意。

Father went to his doctor for advices about his heart trouble. 2. “語(yǔ)(態(tài))”、“時(shí)(態(tài))”俱進(jìn)查動(dòng)詞。

was a go

good cup with handles to suit British habits. This made for the grow in the porcelain industry.

industry. Tea in China was traditionally drank from cups without handles. When tea got popular in Britain, there was a crying need for day. Interesting, it had a connection by the British porcelain(瓷器)

the t helping a friend. Why does she punish me?

練習(xí)2

The book I’m reading of talks about afternoon tea in Britain. It is said to have started in the early 1800’s. Have tea in the late afternoon provides a bridge between lunch and dinner, that might not be served until 8 o’clock at night. This custom soon becomes another meal of

練習(xí)5

Dear Diary,

Here I am in the middle of a city, 350 miles far away from our farmhouse. Do you want to know why we move last week? Dad lost

趙老師語(yǔ)錄:所謂天才,就是那些不斷重復(fù)同一件事情的人!

his job and as Mom explained, “He was lucky to find other one.” His new job meant I had to say goodbye to my classmate, my school, or just everything else I love in the world. To make matters bad, now I have to share a room with my younger sister, Maggie. Tomorrow is first day of school. I am awfully tiring, but I know I will never fall sleep. Good night and remember you, dear diary, is my only souvenir from my past life and my only friend.

My summer travel started terribly. I was at the Shanghai Railway Station buy a ticket to Hangzhou. I was going to visit a friend here and after that I would go to Xiamen for long holiday. I bought my ticket but turned around to pick up my bag from the floor and then I realized that someone had stolen it. Luckily I had all my money on my pocket, but the only clothes I had was those I had on. It felt very friend he lent to me lots happy that I could

練習(xí)6

Last Sunday morning, when I was having a walk in the park near my home, I came across a crew make a new film with one of my favourite actor. I didn’t have my camera with me at that time, but I have finished the scene and the actor couldn’was really disappointing and about to leave when he walked a name on my shirt!

練習(xí)9

I at my was rich than he toys I did. one on particular I'd I my when he wasn't looking. I Late on, my aunt drove me home. When she off, I pulled out the toy slow and gave it back. She

練習(xí)7

In early January rate of UFO science fiction to space shown on television, there in reports of sightings Wayne Tyler, making his findings known. They wrote an article, which said that all UFO reports could be explained for quite naturally by aircraft movements. Follow this explanation, there was a rapid drop in the number of reported sightings, because the rate remained above the previous level.

練習(xí)10

I learned early in life that I had to be more patient and little aggressive. From the time I was about four until I was about six, I destroyed each of my toy. I was happy when the toys worked, but when things did wrong, I got angry and broke it. For a while parents bought me new toys. But before long they began to see which was happening. When I tear apart my fifth birthday toy train, my father said, "That's it. No more toys to you." My punishment lasted a year. Meanwhile, I found out that with more patience I must make my toys to last. My attitude changed from then on.

練習(xí)8

高考短文改錯(cuò)難篇三：如何應(yīng)對(duì)高考中的短文改錯(cuò)

黔南州中小學(xué)外語(yǔ)教學(xué)研究會(huì)2011年學(xué)術(shù)年會(huì)論文

如何應(yīng)對(duì)高考中的短文改錯(cuò)

作者姓名張世霞

工作單位 平塘民族中學(xué)

職 稱 中學(xué)一級(jí)

聯(lián)系電話

2011年12月1 日

如何應(yīng)對(duì)高考中的短文改錯(cuò)

張世霞 平塘民族中學(xué) 558300

【摘要】本文分析了高考英語(yǔ)中的短文改錯(cuò)的命題規(guī)律及其特點(diǎn)，短文改錯(cuò)考查的主要知識(shí)點(diǎn)、解題技巧。旨在提高學(xué)生的解題能力。

【關(guān)鍵詞】短文改錯(cuò) ； 篇章結(jié)構(gòu) ； 綜合運(yùn)用 ；錯(cuò)誤類型 ； 解題技巧

短文改錯(cuò)是近十年來(lái)高考英語(yǔ)測(cè)試題中的必考題。是集語(yǔ)法知識(shí)于語(yǔ)言技能為一體的綜合性英語(yǔ)試題。其目的是考查學(xué)生對(duì)語(yǔ)言的評(píng)價(jià)與校正能力和對(duì)詞匯，語(yǔ)法和語(yǔ)篇三要素的把握能力。要求學(xué)生在閱讀的基礎(chǔ)上，綜合運(yùn)用語(yǔ)言知識(shí)，根據(jù)上下文找出錯(cuò)誤，再加以改正。在此過(guò)程中，也考查了學(xué)生英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法，詞匯，英語(yǔ)習(xí)慣搭配，思維能力等方面的綜合能力。然而我們都知道它是學(xué)生得分不高，感到困難的一種綜合性題型。與閱讀理解，書(shū)面表達(dá)也有密切的關(guān)系。特別是在我們農(nóng)村中學(xué)，學(xué)生基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)掌握不夠，因此，如何培養(yǎng)學(xué)生在這方面的能力，最大限度提高短文改錯(cuò)的得分率，是我們?cè)S多英語(yǔ)教師要思考的問(wèn)題。

要分析改錯(cuò)題的命題原則及特點(diǎn)；高考短文改錯(cuò)題的考察設(shè)疑方式不外乎：無(wú)錯(cuò)（1處），多詞或少詞（3到4處）錯(cuò)詞（5-6處）。而且，沒(méi)有單詞拼寫(xiě)，標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)或詞序錯(cuò)誤，只涉及語(yǔ)法和語(yǔ)義邏輯層面。

一，短文改錯(cuò)考查的主要知識(shí)點(diǎn)

短文改錯(cuò)主要從詞法上，句法上，行文邏輯上考學(xué)生。從詞法上，它主要考查：（1）動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞及情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的用法等；名詞，代詞的數(shù)，格；形容詞，副詞的比較級(jí)；主謂一致及其它的一致關(guān)系；連詞，關(guān)系詞的使用等；（2）從句法上，它涉及到簡(jiǎn)單句否定，疑問(wèn)，倒裝，省略，替代等變化；（3）從行文邏輯上，它涉及到人物的性別以及與之相對(duì)應(yīng)的物主代詞，句義的并列與轉(zhuǎn)折，時(shí)間的順序，數(shù)量的增減以及因果關(guān)系等。

二，短文改錯(cuò)的錯(cuò)誤類型。

1.考生必須熟悉設(shè)錯(cuò)方式：正確、多一詞、缺一詞、錯(cuò)一詞，而且大多數(shù)短文符合“1126”原則（正確一處，多詞一處，缺詞兩處，錯(cuò)詞六處）或“1225”原則（正確一處，多詞兩處，缺詞兩處，錯(cuò)詞五處）

2，多詞現(xiàn)象大多出現(xiàn)在冠詞、介詞、助動(dòng)詞、連詞、語(yǔ)義重復(fù)及行文邏輯等方面。

3，缺詞現(xiàn)象主要在冠詞、介詞、副詞、助動(dòng)詞、不定式符號(hào)to、連詞等。

4.錯(cuò)詞現(xiàn)象主要在冠詞，介詞，名詞單復(fù)數(shù)，動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)，非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，主謂一致，代詞，連詞。

5.要注意三個(gè)問(wèn)題；（1）單詞拼寫(xiě)；大小寫(xiě)；詞序錯(cuò)誤；標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)均不改。

（2）忠實(shí)于原文，一行一錯(cuò)，一錯(cuò)一詞；錯(cuò)誤以改動(dòng)最少為原則；虛詞以添加或刪除為原則；實(shí)詞以改變形式為原則。（3）解題要規(guī)范：要嚴(yán)格按照示范規(guī)定的符號(hào)改錯(cuò)，不能離開(kāi)文后的10道橫線在原文里勾勾畫(huà)畫(huà)、涂涂改改。切忌用文字說(shuō)明或用箭頭表示。務(wù)必記住代表準(zhǔn)確無(wú)誤、錯(cuò)詞糾正、缺詞填補(bǔ)、多詞刪除的符號(hào)。

三.解題技巧

1.學(xué)生應(yīng)將短文通讀兩遍。第一遍是快速閱讀對(duì)短文有大體的了解，同時(shí)也有發(fā)現(xiàn)明顯的錯(cuò)誤；第二遍應(yīng)仔細(xì)地通讀全文，以了解其主要時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)、習(xí)慣用法、文章結(jié)構(gòu)、因果關(guān)系等，確定錯(cuò)誤，疏通短文。

2.依據(jù)查錯(cuò)�！邦}以行出，錯(cuò)從句生”，必須以句子而不是每行為單位來(lái)分析。學(xué)生要做到“三查”查特殊詞（名詞、動(dòng)詞、代詞、形容詞和副詞）、查短語(yǔ)搭配（名詞與介詞、形容詞與介詞、動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)）查句法（主謂一致、時(shí)態(tài)、句子之間的連接、平行結(jié)構(gòu)等）。

3.瞻前顧后。注意行行兼顧，結(jié)合常識(shí)和上下文。

4.仔細(xì)復(fù)查。做完一題后要將正確答案帶入短文中復(fù)查一遍，最后要重新通讀全文，仔細(xì)檢查。

就以上的解題技巧及短文改錯(cuò)命題特點(diǎn)及其規(guī)律，我們分析了2010年6套含“短文改錯(cuò)”的高考英語(yǔ)試卷不難看出：該題以考查詞法為主，重點(diǎn)考查動(dòng)詞、名詞、形容詞、代詞和介詞等；同時(shí)兼顧對(duì)句式、邏輯及搭配等的考查。

一.詞法

動(dòng)詞

——謂語(yǔ)

1.上下文時(shí)態(tài)不一致。主要表現(xiàn)為短文中某個(gè)句子的謂語(yǔ)時(shí)態(tài)和整個(gè)語(yǔ)篇中的時(shí)態(tài)不一致。例：

(1)One day he was having a yard sale and the old man living next door come by to help.(came)

(2) It was only when we did our chemistry project together that I begin to understand why Christine dressed the way she did.(began)

(3) I have been practising for three weeks now, but I still couldn’t get used to it.(can’t) (4)At that time, we often spend time together.(spent)

(5) In a word, friends are those you like and trust, and you will enjou

every minute that you spent with them. (spend)

(6) My sister saw a lovely cup when we are shopping the other day.(were)

2.時(shí)態(tài)使用錯(cuò)誤。主要表現(xiàn)為某個(gè)句子中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)運(yùn)用錯(cuò)誤。例：(1)My teachers have been telling me how great my writing was.(had)

(2)If you tell him a secret, never will he talks about it with anybody else.(talk) (3) She said it was the best gift she has ever had.(had)(4) Her hair was black and purple, and she worn black sweater, even in the summer.( wore) (5) And after many attempts, she past her driving test.(passed)

3.主謂不一致。主要考查主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)在單復(fù)數(shù)上需保持一致，通常遵循“單對(duì)單” “復(fù)對(duì)復(fù)”即單數(shù)主語(yǔ)對(duì)單數(shù)謂語(yǔ)，復(fù)數(shù)主語(yǔ)對(duì)復(fù)數(shù)謂語(yǔ)。例： (1)What were better, I hsd useful help. (was)

(2)After hearing your sad stories, he will say some words that is nice and warm.(are)

——非謂語(yǔ)

1.動(dòng)名詞。主要表現(xiàn)為特定動(dòng)詞、介詞后及固定搭配中要接-ing 形式例： (1)I look forward to see he again in the near future.(seeing)

(2)After hear your sad stories, he will say some words that are nice and warm.(hearing)

2.不定式。主要從動(dòng)詞不定式在句中充當(dāng)?shù)某煞�、表達(dá)的意義及固定搭配加以考查。例： (1)He agreed to reading my story and give me some advice on how to write like a real writer.(read)

(2)My sister wantedˇget out of the shop as fast as she could.(to) 3分詞。重點(diǎn)考查分詞作定語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)和補(bǔ)語(yǔ)時(shí)在語(yǔ)境中的語(yǔ)意及現(xiàn)在分詞和過(guò)去分詞的區(qū)別。例：

(1)The assistant was clearly as embarrassing as my sister, but I just thought it was funny!(embarrassed) (2)On the box was a card say: “25cents each.”(saying)

(3)My friend Nick told me a story about his experience back in the US, which was very interested. (intreresting)

——語(yǔ)態(tài)。主要考查主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的正確使用以及被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的構(gòu)成。

例：

(1)It was turned out to be her own cup, which she’d left on the shelf by mistake, (刪掉was) (2)An English lady was finally decided that she really should learn to drive,(刪掉was)

名詞

一方面，主要考查可數(shù)名詞單復(fù)數(shù)的正確使用，就英語(yǔ)句子中單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞而言，究竟是在其前加限定詞還是將其變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)形式，這取決于特定動(dòng)語(yǔ)境及語(yǔ)意表達(dá)需要；另一方面，也考查不可數(shù)名詞的正確使用，通常， 不可數(shù)名詞前不用不定冠詞，其后不用復(fù)數(shù)。例：

(1)My friend Nick told me ˇ story about his experience back in the US, which was very intreresting.(a) (2)Christie was one of my best friend at high school. (friends)

(3)What’s more, a good friend---- or can at least give you some advices (advice)

(4) In fact, I’ve nearly killed three peoples. (people)

(5) In other words, we would be separated for∨ long time.(a)

(6)There was Uncle Chen, ˇgentleman living near my house, who was a very famous writer. (a)

冠詞 主要考查不定冠詞表泛指，定冠詞表特指，零冠詞及固定搭配用法。例： Then she bent down and picked it up to look at a price on it.(the) 形容詞和副詞 主要考查形容詞和副詞在句中的句法功能（形容詞在句中常作名詞的前置定語(yǔ)或在系動(dòng)詞之后作表語(yǔ)，有時(shí)也作補(bǔ)語(yǔ)；副詞在句中常修飾動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)。）同時(shí)也會(huì)涉及形容詞和副詞的辨析及等級(jí)變化等的正確使用。例；

——句法功能錯(cuò)誤 (1)She was, in fact, rather attractively. (attractive) (2)Still, your happiness makes him happily too.(happy)

——混淆形容詞和副詞 (1)I had to try hardly not to laugh at her shocked face!(hard) (2)She wore black sports shoes and a black sweater, although in the summer. (even)

——等級(jí)使用錯(cuò)誤

相關(guān)熱詞搜索：高考 改錯(cuò) 短文 高考英語(yǔ)短文改錯(cuò)技巧 高考短文改錯(cuò)答題技巧