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        科技英文短文

        發(fā)布時(shí)間:2017-01-23 來(lái)源: 短文摘抄 點(diǎn)擊:

        科技英文短文篇一:科技英語(yǔ)文章翻譯

        科技英語(yǔ)文章翻譯

        任何作品均有特定的文體,原文的文體不同,翻譯方法也隨之而異。試觀察下列幾個(gè)片斷的原文及其譯文。

        "It appears that you've got the offer of a very good job."

        "A wonderful job."

        "Are you going to take it ?"

        "I don't think so."

        "Why not?'

        "I don't want to."

        “聽(tīng)說(shuō)有個(gè)很好的工作要你去干。”

        “挺好的工作!

        “打算干嗎?”

        “不!

        “為什么不干?”

        “不想干!

        這是小說(shuō)中的一段對(duì)說(shuō),屬于口語(yǔ)文體。其特點(diǎn)是:用詞自由,句法結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)單,短句與省略句多,自然樸素,生活氣息濃厚。在譯文中進(jìn)一步體現(xiàn)漢語(yǔ)口語(yǔ)的特點(diǎn),省去主語(yǔ)“你”、“我”;將英語(yǔ)的一個(gè)句子I don't think so。干脆譯成一個(gè)字“不”,顯得簡(jiǎn)潔有力。

        She was of a helpless, fleshy build, with a frank, open countenance and an innocent, diffident manner. Her eyes were large and patient, and in them dwelt such a shadow of distress as only those who have looked

        sympathetically into the countenances of the distraught and helpless poor know anything about.

        那婦人生著一副綿軟多肉的體格,一張?zhí)孤书_誠(chéng)的面容,一種天真羞怯的神氣。一雙大落落的柔順眼睛,里邊隱藏著無(wú)窮的心事,只有那些對(duì)于凄惶無(wú)告的窮苦人面目作過(guò)同情觀察的人才看得出來(lái)。上面五十一個(gè)詞的片斷,就運(yùn)用了十個(gè)形容詞,占五分之一。and in then dwelt such a shadow of distress是非常優(yōu)美生動(dòng)的文學(xué)語(yǔ)言,譯文保持了一風(fēng)格。

        Johns accomplished a spectacular debut for his NHL career tonight, the first score launching a four -point first period out burst,to lead the Johnson City High Hats to a 6:4 victory over the Montreal Teals and their eighth consecutive game without a loss.

        在全國(guó)手球聯(lián)賽中克拉克約翰斯今晚初試鋒芒,引起轟動(dòng)。上半場(chǎng)領(lǐng)先四分,首開記錄?死税l(fā)揮中堅(jiān)作用,約翰遜市高帽隊(duì)終以6:4擊敗蒙特利爾市小鴨隊(duì),創(chuàng)造了連勝八場(chǎng)未負(fù)一場(chǎng)的戰(zhàn)績(jī)。

        這是屬于應(yīng)用文的新聞文體,其特點(diǎn)是簡(jiǎn)明扼要,短小精悍,結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊,筆鋒犀利。上述這則電訊只有一個(gè)句子,卻把一場(chǎng)球賽描繪得淋漓盡致,富于吸引力。

        The range of a voltmeter may be extended by means of a series resistor called a multiplier as shown in Fig.2.The fullscale reading of the meter alone may be 15volts.With the multiplier 250volts may be required to move the pointer to full-scale, 135 volts across the multiplier and 15volts across the meter.

        從上述的一段科技文章,不難看出其文體與修辭手段與前面列舉的文藝小說(shuō),新聞報(bào)道等迥然不同。科技文體崇尚嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)周密,概念準(zhǔn)確,邏輯性強(qiáng),行文簡(jiǎn)練,重點(diǎn)突出,句式嚴(yán)整,少有變化,常用前置性陳述,即在句中將主要信息盡量前置,通過(guò)主語(yǔ)傳遞主要信息。

        科技文章文體的特點(diǎn)是:清晰、準(zhǔn)確、精練、嚴(yán)密。那末,科技文章的語(yǔ)言結(jié)構(gòu)特色在翻譯過(guò)程中如何處理,這是進(jìn)行英漢科技翻譯時(shí)需要探討的問(wèn)題,F(xiàn)分述如下:

        一、大量使用名詞化結(jié)構(gòu)

        《當(dāng)代英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法》(A Grammar of Contemporary)在論述科技英語(yǔ)時(shí)提出,大量使用名詞化結(jié)構(gòu)(Nominalization)是科技英語(yǔ)的特點(diǎn)之一。因?yàn)榭萍嘉捏w要求行文簡(jiǎn)潔、表達(dá)客觀、內(nèi)容確切、信息量大、強(qiáng)調(diào)存在的事實(shí)。而非某一行為。

        Archimeds first discovered the principle of displacement of water by solid bodies.

        阿基米德最先發(fā)展固體排水的原理。句中of displacement of water by solid bodies 系名詞化結(jié)構(gòu),一方面簡(jiǎn)化了同位語(yǔ)從句,另一方強(qiáng)調(diào)displacement 這一事實(shí)。

        The rotation of the earth on its own axis causes the change from day to night.

        地球繞軸自轉(zhuǎn),引起晝夜的變化。名詞化結(jié)構(gòu)the rotation of the earth on its own axis 使復(fù)合句簡(jiǎn)化成簡(jiǎn)單句,而且使表達(dá)的概念更加確切嚴(yán)密。

        If you use firebricks round the walls of the boiler, the heat loss. Can be considerably reduced.

        爐壁采用耐火磚可大大降低熱耗。

        科技英語(yǔ)所表述的是客觀規(guī)律,因之要盡量避免使用第一、二人稱;此外,要使主要的信息置于句首。

        Television is the transmission and reception of images of moving objects by radio waves.

        電視通過(guò)無(wú)線電波發(fā)射和接受活動(dòng)物體的圖象。

        名詞化結(jié)構(gòu)the transmission and reception of images of moving objects by radio waves 強(qiáng)調(diào)客觀事實(shí),而"謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞則著重其發(fā)射和接受的能力。

        二、廣泛使用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)句

        根據(jù)英國(guó)利茲大學(xué)John Swales 的統(tǒng)計(jì),科技英語(yǔ)中的謂語(yǔ)至少三分之一是被動(dòng)態(tài)。這是因?yàn)榭萍嘉恼聜?cè)重?cái)⑹峦评,?qiáng)調(diào)客觀準(zhǔn)確。第一、二人稱使用過(guò)多,會(huì)造成主觀臆斷的印象。因此盡量使用第三人稱敘述,采用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),例如:

        Attention must be paid to the working temperature of the machine.應(yīng)當(dāng)注意機(jī)器的工作溫度。而很少說(shuō):You must pay attention to the working

        temperature of the machine .你們必須注意機(jī)器的工作溫度。此外,如前所述,科技文章將主要信息前置,放在主語(yǔ)部份。這也是廣泛使用被動(dòng)態(tài)的主要原因。試觀察并比較下列兩段短文的主語(yǔ)。

        We can store electrical energy in two metal plates separated by an

        insulating medium. We call such a device a capacitor, or a condenser, and its ability to store electrical energy capacitance .It is measured in farads.

        電能可儲(chǔ)存在由一絕緣介質(zhì)隔開的兩塊金屬極板內(nèi)。這樣的裝置稱之為電容器,其儲(chǔ)存電能的能力稱為電容。電容的測(cè)量單位是法拉。這一段短文中各句的主語(yǔ)分別為:

        Electrical energy

        Such a device

        Its ability to store electrical energy

        It (Capacitance )

        它們都包含了較多的信息,并且處于句首的位置,非常醒目。四個(gè)主語(yǔ)完全不同,避免了單調(diào)重復(fù),前后連貫,自然流暢。足見(jiàn)被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)可收簡(jiǎn)潔客觀之效。

        三、非限定動(dòng)詞。

        如前所述,科技文章要求行文簡(jiǎn)練,結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊,為此,往往使用分詞短語(yǔ)代替定語(yǔ)從句或狀語(yǔ)從句;使用分詞獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)代替狀語(yǔ)從句或并列分句;使用不定式短語(yǔ)代替各種從句;介詞十動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)代替定語(yǔ)從句或狀語(yǔ)從句。這樣可縮短句子,又比較醒目。試比較下列各組句子。

        A direct current is a current flowing always in the same direction.

        直流電是一種總是沿同一方向流動(dòng)的電流。

        Radiating from the earth, heat causes air currents to rise.

        熱量由地球輻射出來(lái)時(shí),使得氣流上升。

        A body can more uniformly and in a straight line,there being no cause to change that motion.

        如果沒(méi)有改變物體運(yùn)動(dòng)的原因,那么物體將作勻速直線運(yùn)動(dòng)。

        Vibrating objects produce sound waves ,each vibration producing one sound wave.

        振動(dòng)著的物體產(chǎn)生聲波,每一次振動(dòng)產(chǎn)生一個(gè)聲波。

        In communications, the problem of electronics is how to convey

        information from one place to another.

        在通訊系統(tǒng)中,電子學(xué)要解決的問(wèn)題是如何把信息從一個(gè)地方傳遞到另一個(gè)地方。

        Materials to be used for structural purposes are chosen so as to behave elastically in the environmental conditions.

        結(jié)構(gòu)材料的選擇應(yīng)使其在外界條件中保持其彈性。

        There are different ways of changing energy from one form into another.將能量從一種形式轉(zhuǎn)變成另一種形式有各種不同的方法。

        In making the radio waves correspond to each sound in turn ,messages are carried from a broadcasting station to a receiving set.

        使無(wú)線電波依次對(duì)每一個(gè)聲音作出相應(yīng)變化時(shí),信息就由廣播電臺(tái)傳遞到接收機(jī)。

        四、后置定語(yǔ)

        大量使用后置定語(yǔ)也是科技文章的特點(diǎn)之一。常見(jiàn)的結(jié)構(gòu)不以下五種:

        1、介詞短語(yǔ)

        The forces due to friction are called frictional forces.

        由于摩擦而產(chǎn)生的力稱之為摩擦力。

        A call for paper is now being issued .

        征集論文的通知現(xiàn)正陸續(xù)發(fā)出。

        2、形容詞及形容詞短語(yǔ)。

        In this factory the only fuel available is coal.

        該廠唯一可用的燃料是煤。

        In radiation ,thermal energy is transformed into radiant energy ,similar in nature to light.

        熱能在輻射時(shí),轉(zhuǎn)換成性質(zhì)與光相似的輻射能。

        3、副詞

        The air outside pressed the side in .

        外面的空氣將桶壁壓得凹進(jìn)去了。

        The force upward equals the force downward so that the balloon stays at the level.

        向上的力與向下的力相等,所以氣球就保持在這一高度。

        4、單個(gè)分詞,但仍保持校強(qiáng)的動(dòng)詞意義。

        The results obtained must be cheeked .

        獲得的結(jié)果必須加以校核

        The heat produced is equal to the electrical energy wasted.

        科技英文短文篇二:《科技改變生活》英語(yǔ)作文

        Science and technology change our life

        With the rapid development of science and technology, our daily life has been changed a lot. New technological inventions begin to play an essential role, for example, the robot can help us clean up and finish much homework. As a result of that, we can spare more time to be dedicated to our job, and we are able to be fully exposed to our hobbies.

        Always have some time to hope that their cell phone is "Hello, you dial the number temporarily unable to connect" state. So, we all need a jacket that can mask the mobile phone signal. Dancepants sports music is designed to be two Lithuania designers. The clothes made of this fiber can be used to convert the temperature of the human body into electrical energy, which can be driven by electronic devices such as MP3 players.

        Respite of that, some disadvantages of technological inventions may appear. The excessive use of high technology can also make our life be passive. The majorities of us will become lazier men, and they are unwilling to explore minds any longer.

        All in all, the improvement of science and technology can smoothly increase the standards of people's life. On the other hand, it may lead to the laziness of people's behavior and mind.

        科技英文短文篇三:科技英語(yǔ)作文翻譯

        生活中新的技術(shù):

        眾所周知,如今科技的發(fā)展給我們的日常生活帶來(lái)極大的便利,那么到底有哪些便利呢?

        手機(jī)通信讓我們?cè)谀亩寄芎团笥蚜奶臁?磿呀?jīng)不是非得在紙質(zhì)書上,還能在電子書上。手提式的電腦越做越薄,讓我們?cè)趹敉庖材茌p松上網(wǎng)。當(dāng)然這些便利來(lái)自于先進(jìn)的技術(shù)。比如超高的屏幕像素讓我們體驗(yàn)更清晰的影像。更快的處理器使得我們的手機(jī)或電腦用起來(lái)更流暢。優(yōu)秀的音質(zhì)處理讓我們享受音樂(lè)的美妙。當(dāng)然還有更多的先進(jìn)產(chǎn)品使得我們?cè)谏钪心芨酉硎堋?/p>

        所以最后感謝我們都生活在這個(gè)時(shí)代。

        對(duì)本專業(yè)的認(rèn)識(shí):

        我大學(xué)所學(xué)的專業(yè)是電子科學(xué)與技術(shù),這個(gè)專業(yè)主要是學(xué)習(xí)光與電,然后將這兩個(gè)東西聯(lián)系起來(lái)。

        光知識(shí)方面就是傳統(tǒng)的光學(xué)知識(shí),然后進(jìn)而將光應(yīng)用在通信方面,例如光纖通信,光纖傳感等。那么,電知識(shí)方面就是將電路方面的東西設(shè)計(jì)成生活中能夠起到作用的東西,比如收音機(jī),我們將設(shè)計(jì)成的電路在板子上畫出來(lái)然后將元器件安裝在上面,基本上一個(gè)產(chǎn)品就(來(lái)自:smilezhuce.com 蒲公 英文 摘:科技英文短文)做出來(lái)了。

        那么最后就是將電與光應(yīng)用起來(lái),比如光纖傳導(dǎo)過(guò)程中需要調(diào)制,而調(diào)制的工具就是電。以上就是我對(duì)所學(xué)專業(yè)的認(rèn)識(shí)。

        自己以后的規(guī)劃:

        我所學(xué)的專業(yè)是電子科學(xué)專業(yè),我希望將來(lái)能夠從事這個(gè)專業(yè)的工作。

        這個(gè)專業(yè)所對(duì)應(yīng)的工作是電子設(shè)計(jì)工程師或者光通信研發(fā),那我比較喜歡電子的專業(yè),因?yàn)槲冶旧硎且幻娮訍?ài)好者,對(duì)于電子設(shè)計(jì)比較感興趣。我希望能夠到那些知名的電子公司去工作。與我的小伙伴們一起研發(fā)電子產(chǎn)品,希望未來(lái)能讓人們用上我設(shè)計(jì)的產(chǎn)品。當(dāng)然一切都需要努力。我距離我的目標(biāo)還很遠(yuǎn)。

        最后當(dāng)然希望未來(lái)將會(huì)更好。

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